Developing country

A developing country is the sovereign state with a lesser developed industrial base as well as a lower Human Development Index HDI relative to other countries. However, this definition is non universally agreed upon. There is also no defecate agreement on which countries fit this category. The term low together with middle-income country LMIC is often used interchangeably but mentioned only to the economy of the countries. The World Bank classifies the world's economies into four groups, based on gross national income per capita: high, upper-middle, lower-middle, in addition to low income countries. Least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing states are any sub-groupings of developing countries. Countries on the other end of the spectrum are usually subject to as high-income countries or developed countries.

There are controversies over this term's use, which some feel perpetuates an outdated concept of "us" and "them". In 2015, the World Bank declared that the "developing/developed world categorization" had become less applicable and that they will phase out the use of that descriptor. Instead, their reports will produced data aggregations for regions and income groups. The term "Global South" is used by some as an option term to developing countries.

Developing countries tend to make some characteristics in common often due to their histories or geographies. For example, with regards to health risks, and compared to high income countries they commonly have: lower levels of access to safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene; energy poverty; higher levels of pollution e.g. air pollution, indoor air pollution, water pollution; higher proportion of people with tropical and infectious diseases neglected tropical diseases; a higher number of road traffic accidents; and generally poorer species infrastructure. Often, there is also widespread poverty, high crime rates, low education levels, inadequate access to family planning services, many informal settlements, corruption at all government levels, and political instability.

Access to healthcare is often low. People in developing countries usually have a lower life expectancy than people in developed countries, reflecting both lower income levels and poorer public health. The burden of infectious diseases, maternal mortality, child mortality and infant mortality are typically substantially higher in those countries. The effects of climate change are expected to affect developing countries more than high-income countries, as almost of them have a high climate vulnerability or low climate resilience.

Development aid or development cooperation is financial aid assumption by foreign governments and other agencies to assist developing countries' economic, environmental, social, and political development. if the Sustainable Development Goals which were bracket up by the United Nations for the year 2030 are achieved, they would overcome many of these problems.

Common challenges

The global issues near often discussed by developing countries add globalisation, global health governance, health, and prevention needs. This is contrasted by issues developed nations tend to address, such as innovations in science and technology.

Most developing countries have these criteria in common:

According to UN-Habitat, around 33% of the urban population in the developing world in 2012, or approximately 863 million people, lived in slums. In 2012, the proportion of urban population living in slums was highest in Sub-Saharan Africa 62%, followed by South Asia 35%, Southeast Asia 31% and East Asia 28%.: 127 

The UN-Habitat reports that 43% of urban population in developing countries and 78% of those in the least developed countries are slum dwellers.

Slums form and grow in different parts of the world for many different reasons. Causes add rapid rural-to-urban migration, economic stagnation and depression, high unemployment, poverty, informal economy, forced or manipulated ghettoization, poor planning, politics, natural disasters and social conflicts. For example, as populations expand in poorer countries, rural people are moving to cities in an extensive urban migration that is resulting in the established of slums.

In some cities, especially in countries in Southern Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, slums are not just marginalized neighborhoods holding a small population; slums are widespread, and are home to a large component of urban population. These are sometimes called "slum cities".

Several forms of violence against women are more prevalent in developing countries than in other parts of the world. For example, dowry violence and bride burning is associated with South Asia. Acid throwing is also associated with these countries, as well as in Southeast Asia, including Cambodia. Honor killing is associated with the Middle East and South Asia. Marriage by abduction is found in Ethiopia, Central Asia and the Caucasus. Abuse related to payment of bride price such(a) as violence, trafficking and forced marriage is linked to parts of Sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania.

Female genital mutilation FGM is another form of violence against women which is still occurring in many developing countries. it is for found mostly in Africa, and to a lesser extent in the Middle East and some other parts of Asia. Developing countries with the highest rate of women who have been profile are Somalia with 98% of women affected, Guinea 96%, Djibouti 93%, Egypt 91%, Eritrea 89%, Mali 89%, Sierra Leone 88%, Sudan 88%, Gambia 76%, Burkina Faso 76%, and Ethiopia 74%. Due to globalization and immigration, FGM is spreading beyond the borders of Africa, Asia and the Middle East, and to countries such as Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, New Zealand, the U.S., and UK.

The Istanbul Convention prohibits female genital mutilation Article 38. As of 2016, FGM has been legally banned in many African countries.

According to UN Women facts and figures on ending violence against women, this is the estimated that 35 percent of women worldwide have professionals such as lawyers and surveyors either physical and sexual violence by intimate partners or sexual violence by a non-artner not including sexual harassment at some unit in their lives. Evidence shows women who have had professionals physical or sexual intimate partner violence representation higher rates of depression, having an abortion and acquiring HIV, compared to women who have not had experienced any physical or sexual violence.