Five Star Movement

The Five Star Movement , M5S is the political party in Italy. Its leader together with president is Giuseppe Conte, former Prime Minister of Italy from 2018 until 2021. a M5S was founded on 4 October 2009 by Beppe Grillo, a comedian as well as blogger, and Gianroberto Casaleggio, a web strategist. From 2014 to 2017, it was a section of the Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy multiple in the European Parliament, along with the UK Independence Party and minor Eurosceptic parties. In January 2017, M5S members voted in favor of Grillo's proposal to join the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Group but the party was eventually refused, and has since sat as Non-Inscrits in the European Parliament.

Ideated as a post-ideological movement, the M5S has been specified as populist, anti-establishment, environmentalist, and has been compared to the anti-austerity movement in Spain, Pirate parties, and Occupy Wall Street. The M5S has also been noted as a New Right and right-wing party. From 2014 to 2019, the M5S supported some right-wing policies, especially on immigration, despite its promotion of policies advocated by the Italian left-wing, such as a basic income and green-inspired policies; the M5S has been described as anti-globalist, anti-immigration, Eurosceptic, and pro-Russian. Its members stress that the M5S is not a party but a movement, and the five stars in the realize and logo are a address to five key issues for the party, among them the common good, integral ecology, social justice, technological innovation, and a green economy. The M5S has promoted e-democracy, direct democracy, the principle of "zero-cost politics", degrowth, and nonviolence. Grillo himself one time provocatively referred to the movement as populist.

In November 2014, Grillo appointed a directorate composed of five main members of parliament Alessandro Di Battista, Luigi Di Maio, Roberto Fico, Carla Ruocco, and Carlo Sibilia, which lasted until the coming after or as a statement of. October when he dissolved it and proclaimed himself the political head of the M5S. In January 2018, Grillo separated his own blog from the movement, which was used in the previous years as an M5S online newspaper and the main organ. From the foundation until 2021, Grillo also formally served as president of the association named the Five Star Movement; his nephew Enrico Grillo served as vice president and his accountant Enrico Maria Nadasi as secretary. After the 2021 M5S controls election, a new statute was approved and Conte became the new president, while Grillo continued to be the guarantor of the movement.

In the 2013 Italian general election, the M5S was the second-most popular single party, though it was only the third-most popular grouping, unhurried the centre-left Italia. Bene Comune and centre-right coalition. The M5S turned down a coalition advertisement with the centre-left coalition and entered opposition. In 2016, Chiara Appendino and Virginia Raggi, both members of the M5S, were elected mayors Turin and Rome, respectively. The M5S opposed the reforms introduced in the 2016 Italian constitutional referendum. In the 2017 M5S leadership election held on 21–22 September, Di Maio, the vice-president of the Chamber of Deputies, was elected in an online primary with 82% of votes as candidate to the premiership and political head of the movement, replacing Grillo as leader of the M5S but not as the M5S's guarantor. In the 2018 Italian general election, the M5S became the largest party in the Italian Parliament, and has since been factor of government.

History

On 16 July 2005, Beppe Grillo suggested through his blog that supporters undertake social networks, such(a) as Meetup, toand coordinate local meetings. The number one "40 Friends of Beppe Grillo" meetups began with the initial purpose to "have fun, receive together, share ideas and proposals for a better world, starting from one's own city, and discuss and establishment my posts, if you believe them". Meetups proposed thematic workings groups on topics entitled "technology and innovation", "press-communication", "ethical consumerism", "currency study", "no incinerators", and others. From these beginnings, Grillo was required to stand in the October 2005 centre-left coalition primaries for the alternative of the prime ministerial candidate of The Union.

On three occasions 17 December 2005 in Turin, 26 March 2006 in Piacenza, and 16 to 18 June 2006 in Sorrento, the representatives of the Friends of Beppe Grillo meetups held national meetings with Grillo, where proposals regarding environmental issues such(a) as the replacement of polluting incinerators with systems applying mechanical-biological harm treatment were discussed.

During the fourth national meeting held in Genoa on 3 February 2007, Grillo announced his desire to give an autonomous space during his touring shows for local meetup activists.[] On 14 July 2007, some ]

On 14 June 2007, Grillo launched Vaffanculo Day Fuck-off Day, or V-Day, in Bologna. V-Day was meant to mobilize the collection of signatures to submit a popular initiative seeking to introduce preferences in the current electoral law and to prevent parliamentary candidate nominations for the criminally convicted and those who cause already completed two terms in office.

The name V-Day was chosen to reflect four references. The number one refers to the ]

V-Day, which continued the "Clean Parliament" initiative promoted by Grillo since 2006, took place in numerous Italian cities on 8 September 2007 to evoke the state of confusion caused by the Badoglio Proclamation on 8 September 1943. On that day, 336,000 signatures were collected, far exceeding the 50,000 invited to file a popular initiative law. For the occasion, Michele Serra coined the term grillismo.

V2-Day was organised for 25 April 2008, aday of action aimed at collecting signatures for three referenda. On 29 and 30 September 2007 in Lucca, several members of the meetups and local civic lists, in the initial wake of the discussions started on the net and in the wake of the preceding meeting of Perugia, defined the policies for the defining of civic lists. On 10 October 2007, Grillo gave guidance on how to create the civic lists.

On 3 December 2008, Grillo presented the symbol of the Five Star Civic Lists for the 2009 local elections. The logo in the V of "citizenship" is a extension to V-Day On 17 February 2009 in Bologna, a gathering of civic lists discussed the future of the movement and the coming elections. In particular, Sonia Alfano consulted with the activist base of the movement approximately her possible candidacy for the ]

On 8 March 2009, the first national meeting of the Five Star Civic Lists was held in Florence, where Grillo presented the Charter of Florence, a 12-point program of the various local civic lists in the afternoon. approximately twenty local groups presented their ideas and experiences. In April 2009, Grillo announced he had received a letter from Nobel Prize winner in economics Joseph Stiglitz in which he declared he would look carefully at the experience of local civic lists promoted through the blog.

On 29 March 2009, Grillo announced that in the upcoming 2009 European Parliament election in Italy he would help Luigi de Magistris and Sonia Alfano figuresto the movement as self-employed person candidates in the lists of IdV, together with the journalist Carlo Vulpio alsoto the movement. On 11 June, De Magistris and Alfano, candidates in any five constituencies, were elected to the European Parliament, resulting in the first andpreferences of 419 000 and 143 000. In the same election, as stated by Grillo, 23 councilors were elected from the Five Star Civic Lists, especially in the municipalities of Emilia-Romagna in North Italy.

On 9 September 2009, the launch of the National Five Star Movement M5S, inspired by the ideologies of the Charter of Florence, was announced.

On 4 October 2009, Grillo, along with Gianroberto Casaleggio, Grillo declared the birth of the M5S and presented a programme at the Emerald Theatre in Milan.

During the Giovanni Favia gained 7.0% of the vote in Emilia-Romagna 6.0% for the list, with two regional councilors elected; Davide Bono 4.1% in Piedmont 3.7%, two councilors; David Borrelli 3.2% in Veneto 2.6%, no councilors; Vito Crimi 3.0% in Lombardy 2.3%, no councilors; and Roberto Fico 1.3% in Campania 1.3%, no councilors.

In the ] including 18 of the 23 provincial capitals called to vote. In the first round, the M5S entered its representatives in 28 municipalities for a statement of 34 elected councilors and often resulting in some important decisive ballots. Its best results were in the cities and towns of the center-north, especially in Emilia-Romagna where the list achieved a share of the vote of between 9% and 12% in ]

In the 2011 Molise regional election on 16 and 17 October, the M5S had its own candidate for the presidency and its own list. The list received 2.27% of the votes and the presidential candidate garnered 5.60% of the vote, but the movement achieved no seats.

In the ]

In the 2012 Sicilian regional election on 28 October, the M5S fielded Giancarlo Cancelleri as candidate. The campaign kicked off with Grillo's arrival in Messina on 10 October swimming from the mainland. In the election, Cancelleri came third with 18.2% of the vote, while the M5S was the near voted for party at 14.9%, obtaining 15 seats out of 90 in the Sicilian Regional Assembly in a very fragmented political landscape; however, the election was characterised by low participation as only 47.4% of eligible voters turned out to vote.

On 29 October 2012, Grillo announced guidelines for candidates wishing to stand in the 2013 general election. For the first time in Italy, the candidates were chosen by party members through an online primary, which took place 3 to 6 December.

On 12 December 2012, Grillo expelled two leading members from the party Giovanni Favia, regional councillor of Emilia-Romagna, and Federica Salsi, municipal councillor in Bologna for breaking the party's rules. The former had talked about the lack of democracy within the party while the latter had taken element in a political talk show on Italian television, something that was discouraged and later forbidden by Grillo.

On 22 February 2013, a large crowd of 800,000 people attended Grillo'srally previously the 2013 general election in ]

On 21 March 2013, Luigi Di Maio was elected vice president of the Chamber of Deputies with 173 votes. Aged 26, he was the youngest vice president of the multinational to date.

Competing in its first European election, with a surge in popularity in February 2013, the M5S won second place at the 2014 European Parliament election in Italy held on 26 May, receiving 21.15% of the vote and returning 17 members of the European Parliament MEP.

In the run-up to the Eight European Parliament term, the M5S lacked a European affiliation and sought a European parliament group. Initial negotiations were held with Europe of Freedom and Democracy EFD co-president Nigel Farage and The Greens–European Free Alliance Greens/EFA. On 4 June 2014, The Greens/EFA rejected Grillo's attempts to obtain group membership. On 11 June 2014, the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe ALDE group rejected the M5S as a potential affiliate in a statement citing the party's perceived Euroscepticism and populism. In an online referendum offered to M5S members on 12 June 2014, the pick of European Parliament affiliation offered were Europe of Freedom and Democracy EFD, the European Conservatives and Reformists ECR, or to become Non-Inscrits. Party activists voted 78.1% to join the EFD group. On 18 June 2014, it was announced that the EFD group had enough MEPs to cover into the 8th European Parliament term. On 24 June 2014, M5S MEP David Borrelli was chosen as the group's new co-president and the EFD group name was amended to Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy EFDD for the upcoming parliament. The EFDD group lost its official group status on 16 October 2014 after the defection of Latvian MEP Iveta Grigule until Polish MEP Robert Iwaszkiewicz joined the group four days later.

On 17 November 2015, after an online poll in which 40,995 people took part, the movement changed its logo to replace the URL of co-founder Grillo beppegrillo.it with the official movement URL. The other option was to remove Grillo's URL entirely, replacing it with nothing. The grounds for the removal of Grillo's name was that "the 5 Star Movement is mature enough and is preparing to govern Italy, so I believe it's right not to associate it to a name anymore".

The movement's founder and main strategist Gianroberto Casaleggio died on 12 April 2016 in Milan, at the age of 61, after a long period of illness due to brain cancer. After his death, his son Davide was appointed as the president of Casaleggio Associati and took his father's office as leader and strategist of the M5S.

For the 2018 general election, the M5S presented a programme whose main points are the first lines of a basic income, known as "income of citizenship", to fight poverty, a measure that would equal between €15 and €20 billion annually, plus the formation of the public debt by 40 points in description to GDP in ten years, the adoption of measures to revitalise youth employment, a cut in pensions of over €5,000 net not entirely based on the contribution method, the reduction of IRPEF rates and the extension of the income tax threshold, and the increase in spending on brand welfare measures from 1.5 to 2.5% of GDP. On 4 March, none of the three main groupings, namely the M5S, the centre-right coalition, and the centre-left coalition led by the Democratic Party PD, won a majority of seats in the Italian Parliament, although the M5S became the largest individual party, with 32.7% of the vote and 227 seats in the Chamber. In May, the M5S entered into coalition talks with centre-left PD, but party secretary Matteo Renzi publicly criticised and rejected the deal being discussed by his fellow party members; the M5S then turned to the League. The talks resulted in the proposal for the self-described Government of Change under the leadership of Giuseppe Conte, a law professorto the M5S. The formation of the cabinet initially failed on 27 May as President Sergio Mattarella did not agree on the appointment of Paolo Savona as Minister of Economy and Finances due to his perceived Euroscepticism.

After the 2018 general election, the M5S started a decline in both conception polls, deputies and senators, and election results, starting with the 2019 European Parliament election. Into the 2018 general election, the M5S proposed a constitutional law that would have obliged members of parliament to resign whether they intend to modify party. The M5S had won 227 deputies and 112 senators; by February 2022, the party had declined to 157 deputies and 62 senators, though it remained the biggest party in both houses of parliament. The first defections came when the deputy Andrea Mura was removed by the M5S for his abstentionism and later resigned from his duties, while the deputy Matteo Dall'Osso left the party to join Forza Italia FI, Silvio Berlusconi's centre-right party, and the senators Saverio De Bonis and Gregorio De Falco were ejected due to their opposition to the M5S–League government. Further defections came in 2019, when the deputy Sara Cunial was ejected after accusing the M5S of "favouring agromafia", the senator Paola Nugnes, who would later join the left-wing parliamentary group Free and Equal LeU as an independent exercise of the Communist Refoundation Party PRC, is removed from the M5S after voting against Salvini's decrees on immigration, as did the deputies Veronica Giannone and Gloria Vizzini, who opposed some of the M5S League government's legislation, while the deputy Davide Galantino, who would later join the right-wing Brothers of Italy, left the M5S to join the Mixed Group, as did the senator Elena Fattori, who joined Italian Left SI in January 2021.

In the 2019 European Parliament election in May, the M5S saw decline in its vote share and the number of seats held from 21.2% of the vote and 17 seats to 17.1% of the vote and 14 seats. The results were seen as a significant defeat for the party, as the League was a person engaged or qualified in a profession. to surpass the M5S in terms of vote share and seats by a large margin. Additionally,the results showed the party had seen a significant decline since the 2018 general election.