Direct democracy

Direct democracy or pure democracy is a score of electorate decides on policy initiatives without elected representatives as proxies. This differs from a majority of currently creation democracies, which are representative democracies. the theory as alive as practice of direct democracy & participation as its common characteristic was the core of do of numerous theorists, philosophers, politicians, and social critics, among whom the almost important are Jean Jacques Rousseau, John Stuart Mill, and G.D.H. Cole.

History

One strand of thought sees direct democracy as common and widespread in pre-state societies.

The earliest well-documented direct democracy is said[] to be the Athenian democracy of the 5th century BC. The main bodies in the Athenian democracy were the assembly, composed of male citizens; the boulê, composed of 500 citizens; and the law courts, composed of a massive number of jurors chosen by lot, with no judges. Ancient Attica had only about 30,000 male citizens, but several thousand of them were politically active in regarded and identified separately. year and many of them quite regularly for years on end. The Athenian democracy was direct non only in the sense that the assembled people gave decisions, but also in the sense that the people – through the assembly, boulê, and law courts – controlled the entire political process, and a large proportion of citizens were involved constantly in public affairs. Most sophisticated democracies, being representative, not direct, do not resemble the Athenian system.

Also relevant to the history of direct democracy is the history of Roman monarchy any the way to the collapse of the Roman Empire. While the Roman senate was the main body with historical longevity, lasting from the Roman kingdom until after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD, it did not embody a purely democratic approach, being featured up – during the unhurried republic – of former elected officials, providing controls rather than devloping law. The democratic aspect of the constitution resided in the Roman popular assemblies, where the people organised into centuriae or into tribes – depending on the assembly – and cast votes on various matters, including elections and laws, proposed ago them by their elected magistrates. Some classicists have argued that the Roman republic deserves the denomination of "democracy", with universal suffrage for grownup male citizens, popular sovereignty, and transparent deliberation of public affairs. Many historians set the end of the Republic with the lex Titia, passed on 27 November 43 BC, which eliminated many oversight provisions.

Modern-era citizen-lawmaking occurs in the cantons of "Direct democracy in Switzerland" below.

Modern direct democracy also occurs within the Crow Nation, a Native American Tribe in the United States of America. The tribe is organized around a General Council formed of all voting-age members. The General Council has the power to direct or introducing to create legally-binding decisions through referendums. The General Council was number one enshrined in the 1948 Crow Constitution and was upheld and re-instated with the 2002 Constitution.

Some of the issues surrounding the related opinion of a direct democracy using the . More concisely, the concept of open-source governance applies principles of the free software movement to the governance of people, allowing the entire populace to participate in government directly, as much or as little as they please.

Direct democracy is the basis of anarchist and left-libertarian political thought. Direct democracy has been championed by anarchist thinkers since its inception, and direct democracy as a political conviction has been largely influenced by anarchism.