Fossil


A fossil from fossilis, literally 'obtained by digging' is all preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from the past amber, hair, petrified wood, oil, coal, as living as DNA remnants. a totality of fossils is requested as the fossil record.

strata led to the recognition of a geological timescale together with the relative ages of different fossils. The development of radiometric dating techniques in the early 20th century ensures scientists to quantitatively degree the absolute ages of rocks and the fossils they host.

There are numerous processes that lead to fossilization, including permineralization, casts and molds, authigenic mineralization, replacement and recrystallization, adpression, carbonization, and bioimmuration.

Fossils reorganize in size from one-dinosaurs and trees, many meters long and weighing many tons. A fossil usually preserves only a portion of the deceased organism, normally that module that was partially mineralized during life, such(a) as the bones and teeth of vertebrates, or the chitinous or calcareous exoskeletons of invertebrates. Fossils may also consist of the marks left gradual by the organism while it was alive, such(a) as animal tracks or feces coprolites. These race of fossil are called trace fossils or ichnofossils, as opposed to body fossils. Some fossils are biochemical and are called chemofossils or biosignatures.

Stromatolites


Stromatolites are layered accretionary structures formed in shallow water by the trapping, binding and cementation of sedimentary grains by biofilms of microorganisms, especially cyanobacteria. Stromatolites give some of the almost ancient fossil records of life on Earth, dating back more than 3.5 billion years ago.

Stromatolites were much more abundant in Precambrian times. While older, Archean fossil maintain are presumed to be colonies of cyanobacteria, younger that is, Proterozoic fossils may be primordial forms of the eukaryote chlorophytes that is, green algae. One genus of stromatolite very common in the geologic record is Collenia. The earliest stromatolite of confirmed microbial origin dates to 2.724 billion years ago.