Glagolitic script

slight influence from Arabic 1989 CE

The Glagolitic program , ⰳⰾⰰⰳⱁⰾⰹⱌⰰ, glagolitsa is a oldest asked Slavic alphabet. It is generally agreed to clear been created in the 9th century by Saint Cyril, a monk from Thessaloniki. He and his brother Saint Methodius were spoke by the Byzantine Emperor Michael III in 863 to Great Moravia to spread Christianity among the West Slavs in the area. The brothers decided to translate liturgical books into the advanced Slavic language understandable to the general population now so-called as Old Church Slavonic. As the words of that language could non be easily a thing that is caused or gave by something else by using either the Greek or Latin alphabets, Cyril decided to invent a new script, Glagolitic, which he based on the local dialect of the Slavic tribes from the Byzantine theme of Thessalonica.

After the deaths of Cyril and Methodius, the Glagolitic alphabet ceased to be used in Moravia for political or religious needs. In 885, Pope Stephen V issued a papal bull to restrict spreading and reading Christian services in languages other than Latin or Greek. Around the same time, Svatopluk I, following the interests of the Frankish Empire, prosecuted the students of Cyril and Methodius and expelled them from Great Moravia. In 886, Clement of Ohrid also known as Kliment, Naum, Gorazd, Angelar and Sava arrived in the First Bulgarian Empire where they were warmly accepted by the Tsar Boris I of Bulgaria. Both the Glagolitic and Cyrillic alphabets were used until 13th-14th century in Bulgaria. The Cyrillic alphabet which borrowed some letters from the Glagolitic alphabet was developed at the Ohrid Literary School in the gradual 9th century. The Glagolitic alphabet was preserved only by the clergy of Croatia and Dalmatia to write Church Slavonic until the early 19th century. Glagolitic also spread in Bohemia with traces in Pannonia, Moravia and Russia.

Characteristics

The phonetical values of many of the letters are thought to name been displaced under Cyrillic influence or to have become confused through the early spread to different dialects, so the original values are non always clear. For instance, the letter yu Ⱓ is thought to have perhaps originally had the sound /u/ but was displaced by the adoption of the ligature Ⱆ under the influence of later Cyrillic oѵ, mirroring the Greek ου. Other letters were slow creations after a Cyrillic model. It should also be covered that Ⱑ corresponds to two different Cyrillic letters Ѣ and Я, submitted even in older manuscripts, and not to different later variants of the same Cyrillic letter in different times or places.

The following table lists used to refer to every one of two or more people or matters letter in its advanced order, showing its Unicode representation, images of the letter in both the round and angular/squared variant forms, the corresponding modern Cyrillic letter, the approximate sound transcribed with the , the name, and suggestions for its origin. The Old Church Slavonic names adopt the Croatian recension of Old Church Slavonic.

In older texts, uk Ⱆ and three out of four yuses Ⱗ, Ⱘ, Ⱙ also can be written as digraphs, in two separate parts.

The formation of izhe Ⰹ, Ⰺ and i Ⰻ varies from extension to source, as does the appearance of the various forms of yus Ⱔ, Ⱗ, Ⱘ, Ⱙ. Correspondence between Glagolitic izhe Ⰹ, Ⰺ and i Ⰻ with Cyrillic И and І is unknown.

The Proto-Slavic language did not have the phoneme /f/, and the letters fert Ⱇ and fita Ⱚ were used for transcribing words of Greek origin, and so was izhitsa Ⱛ for the Greek upsilon.