Glagolitic script

slight influence from Arabic 1989 CE

The Glagolitic code , ⰳⰾⰰⰳⱁⰾⰹⱌⰰ, glagolitsa is the oldest known Slavic alphabet. It is broadly agreed to pretend been created in a 9th century by Saint Cyril, a monk from Thessaloniki. He in addition to his brother Saint Methodius were referred by the Byzantine Emperor Michael III in 863 to Great Moravia to spread Christianity among the West Slavs in the area. The brothers decided to translate liturgical books into the innovative Slavic language understandable to the general population now call as Old Church Slavonic. As the words of that language could non be easily solution by using either the Greek or Latin alphabets, Cyril decided to invent a new script, Glagolitic, which he based on the local dialect of the Slavic tribes from the Byzantine theme of Thessalonica.

After the deaths of Cyril and Methodius, the Glagolitic alphabet ceased to be used in Moravia for political or religious needs. In 885, Pope Stephen V issued a papal bull to restrict spreading and reading Christian services in languages other than Latin or Greek. Around the same time, Svatopluk I, coming after or as a or situation. of. the interests of the Frankish Empire, prosecuted the students of Cyril and Methodius and expelled them from Great Moravia. In 886, Clement of Ohrid also known as Kliment, Naum, Gorazd, Angelar and Sava arrived in the First Bulgarian Empire where they were warmly accepted by the Tsar Boris I of Bulgaria. Both the Glagolitic and Cyrillic alphabets were used until 13th-14th century in Bulgaria. The Cyrillic alphabet which borrowed some letters from the Glagolitic alphabet was developed at the Ohrid Literary School in the gradual 9th century. The Glagolitic alphabet was preserved only by the clergy of Croatia and Dalmatia to write Church Slavonic until the early 19th century. Glagolitic also spread in Bohemia with traces in Pannonia, Moravia and Russia.

Versions of authorship and name

The tradition that the alphabet was intentional by Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius has not been universally accepted. A one time common opinion was that the Glagolitic was created or used in the 4th century by St. Jerome Latin: Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus, hence the alphabet is sometimes named Hieronymian.

It is also Cyrillic and in some advanced languages it simply means "alphabet" in general. The Slavs of Great Moravia present-day Slovakia and Moravia, Hungary, Slovenia and Slavonia were called Slověne at that time, which allowed rise to the create Slovenish for the alphabet. Some other, rarer, names for this alphabet are Bukvitsa from common Slavic word "bukva" meaning "letter", and a suffix "-itsa" and Illyrian.

In the Middle Ages, Glagolitsa was also known as "St. Jerome's script" due to a popular mediaeval legend created by Croatian scribes in the 13th century ascribing its invention to ] disproven.

Until the end of the 18th century, a strange but widespread idea dominated that the Glagolitic writing system, which was in usage in Dalmatia and Istria along with neighboring islands, including the translation of the Holy Scripture, owe their existence to the famous church father St. Jerome. Knowing him as the author of the Latin Vulgate, considering him – by his own words, born on the border between Dalmatia and Pannonia remembering that the Dalmatian borders extended alive into Istria at that time – presumed to be an Illyrian, the self-styled Slavic intellectuals in Dalmatia very early began to ascribe to him the invention of glagolitsa, possibly with the goal of more successfully defending both Slavic writing and the Slavic holy good against prosecutions and prohibitions from Rome's hierarchy, thus using the opinion of the famous Latin Father of the Church to protect their church rituals which were inherited not from the Greeks Cyril and Methodius but unknown. We do not know who was the first to include in motion this unscientifically-based tradition about Jerome's authorship of the Glagolitic program and translation of the Holy Scripture, but in 1248 this version came to the knowledge of Pope Innocent IV. <...> The belief in Jerome as an inventor of the Glagolitic lasted numerous centuries, not only in his homeland, i.e. in Dalmatia and Croatia, not only in Rome, due to Slavs living there... but also in the West. In the 14th century, Croatian monks brought the legend to the Czechs, and even the Emperor Charles IV believed them.

The epoch of traditional attribution of the script to Jerome ended probably in 1812. In modern times, onlymarginal authors share this view, normally "re-discovering" one of the already-known mediaeval sources.

A hypothetical pre-Glagolitic writing system is typically identified to as Chernorizets Hrabar's strokes and incisions are ordinarily considered to be a consultation to a line of property style or alternatively fortune-telling signs. Some "Ruthenian letters" found in one representation of St. Cyril's life are explainable as misspelled "Syrian letters" in Slavic, the roots are very similar: rus- vs. sur- or syr-, etc.