Group psychotherapy

Group psychotherapy or multiple therapy is a hit of psychotherapy in which one or more therapists treat a small combine of clients together as a group. The term can legitimately refer to any realize of psychotherapy when exposed in a group format, including art therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy or interpersonal therapy, but it is commonly applied to psychodynamic group therapy where the group context and group process is explicitly utilized as a mechanism of change by developing, exploring and examining interpersonal relationships within the group.

The broader concept of group therapy can be taken to include all helping process that takes place in a group, including support groups, skills training groups such(a) as anger management, mindfulness, relaxation training or social skills training, and psychoeducation groups. The differences between psychodynamic groups, activity groups, assist groups, problem-solving and psychoeducational groups have been discussed by psychiatrist Charles Montgomery. Other, more specialized forms of group therapy would include non-verbal expressive therapies such(a) as art therapy, dance therapy, or music therapy.

History

The founders of group psychotherapy in the United States were Joseph H. Pratt, Trigant Burrow and Paul Schilder. all three of them were active and working at the East coast in the number one half of the 20th century. In 1932 Jacob L. Moreno submission his work on group psychotherapy to the American Psychiatric Association, and co-authored a monograph on the subject. After World War II, group psychotherapy was further developed by Moreno, Samuel Slavson, Hyman Spotnitz, Irvin Yalom, and Lou Ormont. Yalom's approach to group therapy has been very influential non only in the USA but across the world.

An early coding in group therapy was the T-group or training group sometimes also included to as sensitivity-training group, human relations training group or encounter group, a form of group psychotherapy where participants typically, between eight and 15 people learn approximately themselves and approximately small group processes in general through their interaction with regarded and identified separately. other. They use feedback, problem solving, and role play to gain insights into themselves, others, and groups. It was pioneered in the mid-1940s by Kurt Lewin and Carl Rogers and his colleagues as a method of learning about human behavior in what became the National Training Laboratories also so-called as the NTL Institute that was created by the Office of Naval Research and the National Education Association in Bethel, Maine, in 1947.

Moreno developed a specific and highly structured form of group therapy requested as psychodrama although the programs on psychodrama claims this is the not a form of group therapy. Another recent developing in the image and method of group psychotherapy based on an integration of systems thinking is Yvonne Agazarian's systems-centered therapy SCT, which sees groups functioning within the principles of system dynamics. Her method of "functional subgrouping" introduces a method of organizing group communication so this is the less likely to react counterproductively to differences. SCT also emphasizes the need to recognize the phases of group development and the defenses related to used to refer to every one of two or more people or matters phase in an arrangement of parts or elements in a specific form figure or combination. to best make sense and influence group dynamics.

In the United Kingdom group psychotherapy initially developed independently, with pioneers S. H. Foulkes and Wilfred Bion using group therapy as an approach to treating combat fatigue in theWorld War. Foulkes and Bion were psychoanalysts and incorporated psychoanalysis into group therapy by recognising that transference can arise not only between group members and the therapist but also among group members. Furthermore, the psychoanalytic concept of the unconscious was extended with a recognition of a group unconscious, in which the unconscious processes of group members could be acted out in the form of irrational processes in group sessions. Foulkes developed the framework known as group analysis and the Institute of Group Analysis, while Bion was influential in the development of group therapy at the Tavistock Clinic.

Bion's approach is comparable to social therapy, first developed in the United States in the behind 1970s by Lois Holzman and Fred Newman, which is a group therapy in which practitioners relate to the group, not its individuals, as the fundamental item of development. The task of the group is to "build the group" rather than focus on problem solving or "fixing" individuals.

In Argentina an self-employed person school of group analysis stemmed from the work and teachings of Swiss-born Argentine psychoanalyst Enrique Pichon-Rivière. This thinker conceived of a group-centered approach which, although not directly influenced by Foulkes' work, was fully compatible with it.