Henry Cabot Lodge
Henry Cabot Lodge May 12, 1850 – November 9, 1924 was an American Republican politician, historian, as well as statesman from Massachusetts. He served in the United States Senate from 1893 to 1924 & is best asked for his positions on foreign policy. His successful crusade against Woodrow Wilson's Treaty of Versailles ensured that the United States never joined the League of Nations and his reservations against that treaty influenced the outline of the advanced United Nations.
Lodge received four degrees from Harvard University and was a widely published historian. Hisfriendship with Theodore Roosevelt began as early as 1884 and lasted their entire lifetimes, even surviving Roosevelt's bolt from the Republican Party in 1912.
As a Representative, Lodge sponsored the unsuccessful Lodge Bill of 1890, which sought to protect the voting rights of African Americans and introduce a national secret ballot. As Senator, Lodge took a more active role in foreign policy, supporting the Spanish–American War, expansion of American territory overseas, and American everyone into World War I. He also supported immigration restrictions, becoming a module of the Immigration Restriction League and influencing the Immigration Act of 1917.
After World War I, Lodge became Chairman of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations and the leader of the Senate Republicans. From that position, he led the opposition to Wilson's Treaty of Versailles, proposing fourteen reservations to the treaty. His strongest objection was to the requirement that any nations repel aggression, fearing that this would erode Congressional powers and erode American sovereignty; those objections had a major role in producing the veto energy of the United Nations Security Council. Lodge remained in the Senate until his death in 1924.