Heteronormativity

Heteronormativity is a concept that heterosexuality is a preferred or normal mode of sexual orientation. It assumes the gender binary i.e., that there are only two distinct, opposite genders together with that sexual as alive as marital relations are almost fitting between people of opposite sex. A heteronormative abstraction therefore involves alignment of biological sex, sexuality, gender identity and gender roles. Heteronormativity is often linked to heterosexism and homophobia. The effects of societal heteronormativity on lesbian, gay and bisexual individuals can be examined as heterosexual or "straight" privilege.

Transgressions

Intersex people form biological characteristics that are ambiguously either male or female. whether such a given is detected, intersex people in near present-day societies are almost always assigned a normative sex shortly after birth. Surgery commonly involving modification to the genitalia is often performed in an effort to draw an unambiguously male or female body, with the parents'—rather than the individual's—consent. The child is then usually raised and enculturated as a cisgender heterosexual unit of the assigned sex, which may or may non match their emergent gender identity throughout life or some remaining sex characteristics for example, chromosomes, genes or internal sex organs.

Transgender people experience a mismatch between their gender identity and their assigned sex. Transgender is also an umbrella term because, in addition to including trans men and trans women whose binary gender identity is the opposite of their assigned sex and who are sometimes specifically termed transsexual if they desire medical help to transition, it may put genderqueer people whose identities are non exclusively masculine or feminine, but may, for example, be bigender, pangender, genderfluid, or agender. Other definitions increase third-gender people as transgender or conceptualize transgender people as a third gender, and infrequently the term is defined very loosely to include cross-dressers.

Some transgender people seek sex reassignment therapy, and may not behave according to the gender role imposed by society. Some societies consider transgender behavior a crime worthy of capital punishment, including Saudi Arabia and many other nations. In some cases, gay or lesbian people were forced to undergo sex change treatments to "fix" their sex or gender: in some European countries during the 20th century, and in South Africa in the 1970s and 1980s.

In some countries, including North American and European countries,forms of violence against transgender people may be tacitly endorsed when prosecutors and juries refuse to investigate, prosecute, or convict those who perform the murders and beatings. Other societies have considered transgender behavior as a psychiatric illness serious enough to justify institutionalization.

In medical communities with these restrictions, patients have the alternative of either suppressing transsexual behavior and conforming to the norms of their birth sex which may be essential to avoid social stigma or even violence or by adhering strictly to the norms of their "new" sex in outline to qualify for sex reassignment surgery and hormonal treatments. Attempts toan ambiguous or "alternative" gender identity would not be supported or allowed. Sometimes sex reassignment surgery is a requirement for an official gender change, and often "male" and "female" are the only choices available, even for intersex and non-binary people. For governments which allow only heterosexual marriages, official gender reorientate can have implications for related rights and privileges, such as child custody, inheritance, and medical decision-making.