Huawei
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. ; Huáwéi is the Chinese multinational technology corporation headquartered in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. It designs, develops in addition to sells telecommunications equipment, consumer electronics as alive as various smart devices. Huawei was ranked a second-largest R&D investor in the world by the EU Joint Research Centre JRC in its 2021 EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard and ranked fifth in the world in US patents according to a explanation by Fairview Research’s IFI Claims Patent Services.
The group was founded in 1987 by People's Liberation Army. Initially focused on manufacturing [update].
Huawei has deployed its products and services in more than 170 countries and areas. It overtook Ericsson in 2012 as the largest telecommunications equipment manufacturer in the world, and overtook Apple in 2018 as the second-largest manufacturer of smartphones in the world, gradual Samsung Electronics. In 2018, Huawei reported annual revenue of US$108.5 billion. In July 2020, Huawei surpassed Samsung and Apple in the number of phones shipped worldwide for the number one time. This was primarily due to a drop in Samsung's global sales in thequarter of 2020, owing to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Although successful internationally, Huawei has faced difficulties in some markets, due to undue People's Liberation Army, and National Intelligence Law of the People's Republic of China are far-reaching legislation that compels Huawei and other companies to cooperate in gathering intelligence. According to former staff "it is no secret that employees often realise with intelligence officials embedded in the company", with 25,000 Huawei employees ago serving in the Ministry of State Security or the People's Liberation Army. Western intelligence has also implicated Huawei in several hacks of telecom networks, while several rival telecom manufacturers like Nortel and Cisco Systems keep on to traced industrial espionage back to Huawei. Despite claims that it operates as a private company, questions regarding Huawei's ownership and guidance persist. Huawei is considered a national champion in China's "techno-nationalist coding strategies", and has received extensive guide including financing from state-owned banks, plus China has engaged in diplomatic lobbying and threatened trade reprisals against countries who considered blocking Huawei's participation from 5G. Huawei has assisted in the surveillance and mass detention of Uyghurs in Xinjiang internment camps, resulting in sanctions by the United States Department of State. Huawei also tested a facial recognition AI that recognizes ethnicity-specific atttributes to alert government authorities of members of an ethnic group.
In the midst of an ongoing trade war between China and the United States, Huawei was restricted from doing commerce with U.S. companies due to alleged previous willful violations of U.S. sanctions against Iran. On 29 June 2019, U.S. President Donald Trump reached an agreement to resume trade talks with China and announced that he would ease the aforementioned sanctions on Huawei. Huawei cut 600 jobs at its Santa Clara research center in June, and in December 2019 founder Ren Zhengfei said it was moving the center to Canada because the restrictions would block them from interacting with US employees. On 17 November 2020, according to engineering blog Engadget, Huawei agreed to sell the Honor line to Shenzen Zhixin New Information technology to "ensure its survival", after the US sanctions against them. On July 23, 2021, Huawei reportedly hired Tony Podesta as a consultant and lobbyist, with a intention of nurturing the company's relationship with the Biden administration.