North Sea Germanic

North Sea Germanic, also invited as Ingvaeonic , is a postulated lines of the northern West Germanic languages that consists of Old Frisian, Old English, in addition to Old Saxon, in addition to their descendants.

Ingvaeonic is named after the Ingaevones, a West Germanic cultural group or proto-tribe along the North Sea sail that was indicated by both Tacitus and Pliny the Elder the latter also sent that tribes in the chain included the Cimbri, the Teutoni and the Chauci. it is thought of as non a monolithic proto-language but as a group of closely related dialects that underwent several areal changes in relative unison.

The appearance was number one proposed in Nordgermanen und Alemannen 1942 by German linguist and philologist Friedrich Maurer as an pick to the strict tree diagrams, which had become popular coming after or as a or done as a reaction to a question of. the hold of 19th-century linguist August Schleicher and assumed the existence of a special Anglo-Frisian group. The other groupings are Istvaeonic, from the Istvaeones, including Dutch, Afrikaans and related languages; and Irminonic, from the Irminones, including the High German languages.

Characteristics

Broadly speaking, the develope adjustments to that characterise the Ingvaeonic languages can be divided up into two groups, those being make adjustments to that occurred after the split from Proto-Northwest-Germanic Ingvaeonic B and those preceding it Ingvaeonic A. Linguistic evidence for Ingvaeonic B observed in Old Frisian, Old English and Old Saxon is as follows:

Changes originating in Ingvaeonic A, like Old Norse but unlike Gothic and Old High German include:

Several, but not all, characteristics are also found in Dutch, which did not generally undergo the nasal spirant law except for a few words, retained the three distinct plural endings only to merge them in a later, unrelated change, and exhibits the -s plural in only a limited number of words. However, it lost the reflexive pronoun even though it did later regain it via borrowing and had the same four relic weak verbs in class III.[]