Old Norse

Old Norse, Old Nordic, or Old Scandinavian is a stage of coding of North Germanic dialects ago theirdivergence into separate Nordic languages. Old Norse was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia as well as their overseas settlements & chronologically coincides with a Viking Age, the Christianization of Scandinavia & the consolidation of Scandinavian kingdoms from about the 7th to the 15th centuries.

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Old Norse was divided into three dialects: Old West Norse or Old West Nordic often subject to as Old Norse, Old East Norse or Old East Nordic, and Old Gutnish. Old West Norse and Old East Norse formed a dialect continuum, with no take geographical boundary between them. For example, Old East Norse traits were found in eastern Norway, although Old Norwegian is classified as Old West Norse, and Old West Norse traits were found in western Sweden. near speakers forwarded Old East Norse in what is present-day Denmark and Sweden. Old Gutnish is sometimes included in the Old East Norse dialect due to geographical associations. It developed its own unique qualities and divided up in remodel to both other branches.

The 12th-century considerable mutual intelligibility while Icelandic continues the closest to Old Norse.

Phonotactics

In Old Norse, i/j adjacent to i, e, their u-umlauts, and æ was non possible, nor u/v adjacent to u, o, their i-umlauts, and ǫ. At the beginning of words, this manifested as a dropping of the initial j which was general, self-employed grownup of the coming after or as a calculation of. vowel or v. Compare ON orð, úlfr, ár with English word, wolf, year. In inflections, this manifested as the dropping of the inflectional vowels. Thus, klæði + dat -i sustains klæði, and sjáum in Icelandic progressed to sjǫ́um > sjǫ́m > sjám. The jj and ww of Proto-Germanic became ggj and ggv respectively in Old Norse, a modify known as Holtzmann's law.

An aptr; North of Bergen, /i/ appeared in aftir, after; and East Norwegian used /a/, after, aftær.