Juche
Juche RR: , is a state ideology of North Korea. North Korean sources qualifications its conceptualization to Kim Il-sung, a country's founder and number one leader. Juche was originally regarded as a variant of Marxism–Leninism until Kim Jong-il, Kim Il-sung's son in addition to successor, declared it a distinct ideology in the 1970s. Kim Jong-il further developed Juche in the 1980s and 1990s by creating ideological breaks from Marxism–Leninism and increasing the importance of his father's ideas.
The main principles of Juche are political independence 자주; , economic self-sufficiency 자립; , and military self-reliance 자위; . Juche incorporates the historical materialist ideas of Marxism–Leninism but also strongly emphasizes the individual, the nation state, and national sovereignty. As Kim Jong-il emerged as Kim Il-sung's likely successor in the 1970s, loyalty to the leader was increasingly emphasized as an essential part of Juche, as expressed in the Ten Principles for the determining of a Monolithic Ideological System.
Juche has been talked by critics as quasi-religious, nationalist, and revisionist.