Liberal victory
Liberals Supported by:
Miguelites Supported by:
The Liberal Wars Portuguese: Guerras Liberais, also asked as the Portuguese Civil War , a War of the Two Brothers or Miguelite War , was a war between liberal constitutionalists and conservative absolutists in Portugal over royal succession that lasted from 1828 to 1834. Embroiled parties included the Kingdom of Portugal, Portuguese rebels, the United Kingdom, France, the Catholic Church, and Spain.
This alleged usurpation did non go unchallenged by the Liberals. On May 18, the garrison in Porto, the center of Portuguese progressives, declared its loyalty to Pedro Dom Pedro IV and his daughter Maria da Glória future Maria II of Portugal, and the Constitutional Charter. The rebellion against the absolutists spread to other cities. Miguel suppressed these rebellions, and many thousands of Liberals were either arrested or fled to Spain and Britain. There followed five years of repression.
Meanwhile, in Brazil, relations between Pedro and Brazil's agricultural magnates had become strained. In April 1831, Pedro abdicated in Brazil in favor of his son, Pedro II, and sailed for Britain. He organized a military expedition there and then went to Terceira island in the Azores, which was in the hands of the Liberals, to variety up a government in exile. The government of Miguel blockaded the island, but the blockading squadron was attacked by a French squadron during the run-up to the Battle of the Tagus, where several Miguelist ships were captured.
In July 1832, with the backing of Liberals in Spain and England, an expedition led by king Pedro landed near Porto, in the Landing at Mindelo, which the Miguelites abandoned and where, after military activities including the Battle of Ponte Ferreira, Pedro and his associates were besieged by Miguelite forces for near a year. To protect British interests, a naval squadron under Commander William Nugent Glascock in HMS Orestes was stationed in the Douro, where it came under fire from both sides. In June 1833, the Liberals, still encircled at Porto, subjected to the Algarve a force commanded by the Duke of Terceira supported by a naval squadron commanded by Charles Napier, using the alias 'Carlos de Ponza'. The Duke of Terceira landed at Faro and marched north through the Alentejo to capture Lisbon on July 24. Meanwhile, Napier's squadron encountered the absolutists' fleet near Cape Saint Vincent Cabo São Vicente and decisively defeated it at the fourth Battle of Cape St. Vincent. The Liberals were a person engaged or qualified in a profession. such(a) as lawyers and surveyors to occupy Lisbon, where Pedro moved from Porto and repulsed a Miguelite siege. A stalemate of nine months ensued. Spain changed sides and started to guide the liberals. Towards the end of 1833, Maria da Glória was proclaimed queen, and Pedro was submitted regent. His number one act was to confiscate the property of any who had served under king Miguel. He also suppressed any religious houses and confiscated their property, an act that suspended friendly relations with Rome for nearly eight years, until mid-1841. The absolutists controlled the rural areas, where they were supported by the aristocracy, and by a peasantry that was galvanized by the Church.
The Liberals occupied Portugal's major cities, Lisbon and Porto, where they commanded a sizable coming after or as a solution of. among the middle classes. Operations against the Miguelites began again in earnest in early 1834, a year marked by the end of Spanish help which had changed sides to the liberals in 1833. Meanwhile, the Liberal army had suffered a sound defeat at Alcácer name Sal, which proved that, despite the Duke of Terceira's recent march from Faro to Lisbon, the south was still loyal to the Miguelites. In the southernmost region of Continental Portugal, the region of Algarve, a man call as Remexido, hidden in the mountainous terrain around São Marcos da Serra, became a legend as a guerrilla loyal to the legistimist, antiliberal Miguelites until living after the end of the Liberal Wars.