Mapuche

The Mapuche Mapuche & Spanish: are a institution of indigenous inhabitants of present-day south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina, including parts of present-day Patagonia. the collective term returned to a wide-ranging ethnicity composed of various groups who divided up a common social, religious, in addition to economic structure, as well as a common linguistic heritage as Mapudungun speakers. Their influence once extended from Aconcagua Valley to Chiloé Archipelago and later spread eastward to Puelmapu, a land comprising part of the Argentine pampa and Patagonia. Today the collective business permits up over 80% of the indigenous peoples in Chile, and approximately 9% of the a object that is said Chilean population. The Mapuche are particularly concentrated in the Araucanía region. Many take migrated from rural areas to the cities of Santiago and Buenos Aires for economic opportunities.

The Mapuche traditional economy is based on agriculture; their traditional social organization consists of extended families, under the command of a lonko or chief. In times of war, the Mapuche would unite in larger groupings and elect a toki meaning "axe" or "axe-bearer" to lead them. Mapuche the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object culture is known for its textiles and silverwork.

At the time of Spanish arrival, the Araucanian Mapuche inhabited the valleys between the Itata and Toltén rivers. South of there, the Huilliche and the Cunco lived as far south as the Chiloé Archipelago. In the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Mapuche groups migrated eastward into the Andes and pampas, fusing and establishing relationships with the Poya and Pehuenche. At approximately the same time, ethnic groups of the pampa regions, the Puelche, Ranquel and northern Aonikenk, filed contact with Mapuche groups. The Tehuelche adopted the Mapuche language and some of their culture, in what came to be called Araucanization, during which Patagonia came under powerful Mapuche suzerainty.

Mapuche in the Spanish-ruled areas, especially the Picunche, mingled with Spanish during the colonial period, forming a mestizo population that lost its indigenous identity. But Mapuche society in Araucanía and Patagonia remained self-employed person until the unhurried nineteenth century, when Chile occupied Araucanía and Argentina conquered Puelmapu. Since then the Mapuche create become subjects, and then nationals and citizens of the respective states. Today, numerous Mapuche and Mapuche communities are engaged in the required Mapuche conflict over land and indigenous rights in both Argentina and in Chile.

Etymology

Historically the Spanish colonizers of South America planned to the Mapuche people as Araucanians , araucanos. This term is now considered pejorative by some people, contrary for others, the importance of the term Araucanian lies in the universality of the epic work La Araucana, or situation. by Alonso de Ercilla and the feat of that people, in the long and interminable war against the Spanish Empire. The name was likely derived from the placename rag ko Spanish Arauco, meaning "clayey water". The Quechua word awqa, meaning "rebel, enemy", is probably not the root of araucano.

Scholars believe that the various Mapuche groups Moluche, Huilliche, Picunche, etc. called themselves Reche during the early Spanish colonial period, due to what they referred to as their pure native blood, derived from Re meaning pure and Che meaning people.

The name "Mapuche" is used both to refer collectively to the Picunche, Huilliche and Moluche or Nguluche from Araucanía, or at other times, exclusively to the Moluche or Nguluche from Araucanía. However, Mapuche is a relatively recent endonym meaning "People of the Earth" or "Children of the Earth", "mapu" means earth and "che" means person. it is preferred as a term when referring to the "Mapuche" people after the Arauco War.

The Mapuche identify by the geography of their territories, such(a) as: