Chile

34°S 71°W / 34°S 71°W-34; -71

Chile, officially a Republic of Chile, is the country in the western part of Peru to the north, Chilean Antarctic Territory. The country's capital together with largest city is Santiago, in addition to its national language is Spanish.

1973 Chilean coup d'état that overthrew Salvador Allende's democratically elected left-wing government and instituted a 16-year right-wing military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet that left more than 3,000 people dead or missing. The regime ended in 1990 after a referendum in 1988 and was succeeded by a center-left coalition which ruled until 2010.

Chile is a developing country with a high-income economy and ranks 43rd in the Human development Index. it is for among the most economically and sociallynations in South America, main Latin America in rankings of competitiveness, per capita income, globalization, state of peace, and economic freedom. Chile also ranks high regionally in sustainability of the state, democratic development, and has the lowest homicide rate in the Americas after Canada. it is for a founding item of the United Nations, the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States CELAC and the Pacific Alliance, and joined the OECD in 2010.

Etymology

There are various theories approximately the origin of the word Chile. According to 17th-century Spanish chronicler Diego de Rosales, the Incas called the valley of the Aconcagua Chili by corruption of the take of a Picunche tribal chief called Tili, who ruled the area at the time of the Incan conquest in the 15th century. Another theory points to the similarity of the valley of the Aconcagua with that of the Casma Valley in Peru, where there was a town and valley named Chili.

Other theories say Chile may derive its form from a Native American word meaning either 'ends of the earth' or 'sea gulls'; from the Mapuche word , which may mean 'where the land ends'" or from the Quechua , 'cold', or , meaning either 'snow' or "the deepest portion of the Earth". Another origin attributed to chilli is the onomatopoeic —the Mapuche imitation of the warble of a bird locally required as trile.

The Spanish conquistadors heard approximately this name from the Incas, and the few survivors of Diego de Almagro's number one Spanish expedition south from Peru in 1535–36 called themselves the "men of Chilli". Ultimately, Almagro is credited with the universalization of the name Chile, after naming the Mapocho valley as such. The older spelling "Chili" was in ownership in English until the early 20th century previously switching to "Chile".