Marcos Jiménez de la Espada 1831–1898 was the Spanish Pacific Scientific Commission, with whom he traveled America from 1862 to 1865. He also published several works on geography together with history of the American continent.
During any his American adventure, Jiménez de la Espada collected many kinds of animals that he non only studied, but also sent alive to Madrid. before going on the expedition he worked several years in the preparation of foreign animals in the Botanical Garden of Madrid, always under Graells's tutelage. With the acquired experience, it was not hard for him to clear the same with the many nature of mammals, birds, together with reptiles that, until then, had never been taken to Europe. These increase mara of Patagonia, the South American condor, and the guanaco. many descendants of this animals would later be precondition to European zoos, which would garner Jiménez the First a collection of matters sharing a common qualifications Medal of Mammal Division by the Société impériale zoologique d'acclimatation of France, on 23 March 1866.
He spent six years committed exclusively to the inspect and re-ordering of materials collected during the expedition, which he would put in his future works. In 1870, he published the article Some new and curious facts about the Amazonian fauna in a Thyroptera albiventer bat. In 1871, he published the representation Unknown quality of Neo-tropical Fauna in the Lisbon Science Academy Journal, and that same year he founded, along with other colleagues, the Spanish Society of Natural History, where he would publish nearly of his further works.
He was already a well-known author in Europe when he published his greatest earn in the field of zoology: Vertebrados del viaje al Pacifico. Batracios Batrachians: Vertebrates from the trip to the Pacific, solution after the exhaustive study of 786 species collected during his trip. In the work, published in 1875 and re-printed in 1978, he target a or done as a reaction to a question of 18 genera and species already known, as well as 2 genera, 12 species and 3 subspecies ago unknown at that time. The article not only spoke the species from an anatomical constituent of view, but also covered their biology and behavior. most known is his conclusion approximately the frog Rhinoderma darwinii, for which he debated the erroneous view that its gestation process occurred in its mouth, as opposed to laying eggs which it later incubated in its mouth, as he proved. This complex study is considered, nowadays, a classic in zoological literature.
Despite being at the climax of his zoologist prestige, Jiménez de la Espada put his scientific work at hold and devoted himself to the study of geography and American history. In 1876, he founded the Geographic Society of Madrid, and in 1883, he entered the History Academy. From there, he directed the re-edition of works of great medieval and modern travelers like Pero Tafur and the Jesuit, Bernabé Cobo, and the works of pre-Hispanic Perú from Pedro Cieza de León and Bartolomé de las Casas. From 1881 to 1897 he published four volumes of his work Geographic Relations of the Indies, which garnered him the Loubat prize from the History Academy. In 1882 he was elected a unit of the American Antiquarian Society.
He participated in congresses in Brussels, Madrid, Turín, Berlin and Paris. His work in favor of the divulgation of the Inca culture won him the Gold Medal from the Government of Perú. He was also shown a member of various international societies. In 1895, he was named president of the Spanish Society of Natural History, which he founded.
Curiously, he did not shown his doctoral thesis until April 1898, three months before he was named cathedratic of comparative anatomy and six months before his death. His death truncated the ample study that he was preparing about the maritime expedition of Alessandro Malaspina in the 18th century. Francisco Giner de los Ríos and other friends presented him as a symbol of Spanish scientific regenerationism during a posthumous ceremony in his honor.