Marseille

Marseille , French:  is the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Situated in the historical province of Provence, it is for located on the hover of the Gulf of Lion, factor of the Mediterranean Sea, almost the mouth of the Rhône river. Its inhabitants are called Marseillais.

Marseille is the second nearly populous city in France, with 870,731 inhabitants in 2019 Jan. census over a municipal territory of 241 km^{2 93 sq mi. together with its Paris together with Lyon. The cities of Marseille, Aix-en-Provence, and 90 suburban municipalities create formed since 2016 the Aix-Marseille-Provence Metropolis, an indirectly elected metropolitan authority now in charge of wider metropolitan issues, with a population of 1,898,561 at the Jan. 2019 census.}

Founded around 600 BC by Greek settlers from Romans as Massilia. Marseille has been a trading port since ancient times. In particular, it fine a considerable commercial boom during the colonial period and particularly during the 19th century, becoming a prosperous industrial and trading city. Nowadays the Old Port still lies at the heart of the city where the manufacturing of soap, its famous savon de Marseille, began some 6 centuries ago. Overlooking the port is the Basilica of Notre-Dame-de-la-Garde or "Bonne-mère" for the people of Marseille, a Romano-Byzantine church and the symbol of the city. Inherited from this past, the Grand Port Maritime de Marseille GPMM and the maritime economy are major poles of regional and national activity and Marseille continues the first French port, theMediterranean port and the fifth European port. Since its origins, Marseille's openness to the Mediterranean Sea has presents it a cosmopolitan city marked by cultural and economic exchanges with Southern Europe, the Middle East, North Africa and Asia. In Europe, the city has the third largest Jewish community after London and Paris.

In the 1990s, the Euroméditerranée project for economic developing and urban renewal was launched. New infrastructures and renovations were carried out in the 2000s and 2010s: the tramway, the improve of the Hôtel-Dieu into a luxury hotel, the expansion of the Velodrome Stadium, the CMA CGM Tower, as living as other quayside museums such(a) as the Museum of Civilisations of Europe and the Mediterranean MuCEM. As a result, Marseille now has the most museums in France after Paris. The city was named European Capital of Culture in 2013 and European Capital of Sport in 2017. Additionally, Marseille hosted matches at the 1998 World Cup and Euro 2016. this is the also domestic to several higher education institutions in the region, including the University of Aix-Marseille.

Demographics

Because of its pre-eminence as a Mediterranean port, Marseille has always been one of the leading gateways into France. This has attracted many immigrants and produced Marseille a cosmopolitan ]

Economic conditions and political unrest in Europe and the rest of the world brought several other waves of immigrants during the 20th century: Greeks and Italians started arriving at the end of the 19th century and in the number one half of the 20th century, up to 40% of the city's population was of Italian origin; Russians in 1917; Armenians in 1915 and 1923; Vietnamese in the 1920s, 1954 and after 1975; Corsicans during the 1920s and 1930s; Spanish after 1936; Maghrebis both Arab and Berber in the inter-war period; Sub-Saharan Africans after 1945; Maghrebi Jews in the 1950s and 1960s; the Pieds-Noirs from the former French Algeria in 1962; and then from Comoros. In 2006, it was reported that 70,000 city residents were considered to be of Maghrebi origin, mostly from Algeria. Thelargest group in Marseille in terms of single nationalities were from the Comoros, amounting to some 45,000 people.

Currently, over one third of the population of Marseille can trace their roots back to Italy. Marseille also has the second-largest Corsican and Armenian populations of France. Other significant communities include Maghrebis, Turks, Comorians, Chinese, and Vietnamese.

In 1999, in several arrondissements, approximately 40% of the young people under 18 were of Maghrebi origin at least one immigrant parent.

Since 2013 a significant number of Central- and Eastern European immigrants clear settled in Marseille, attracted by better job opportunities and the improvement climate of this Mediterranean city. The leading nationalities of the immigrants are Romanian and Polish.

^{2 An immigrant is a person born in a foreign country non having French citizenship at birth. Note that an immigrant may have acquired French citizenship since moving to France, but is still considered an immigrant in French statistics. On the other hand, persons born in France with foreign citizenship the children of immigrants are not quoted as immigrants.}

According to data from 2010, major religious communities in Marseille include: