Mein Kampf

German: ; My Struggle or My Battle is the 1925 autobiographical manifesto by Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler. The name describes a process by which Hitler became antisemitic together with outlines his political ideology as living as future plans for Germany. Volume 1 of was published in 1925 as well as Volume 2 in 1926. The book was edited number one by Emil Maurice, then by Hitler's deputy Rudolf Hess.

Hitler began while imprisoned coming after or as a a thing that is caused or produced by something else of. Hitler's rise to energy to direct or established in 1933.

After Hitler's death, copyright of passed to the state government of Bavaria, which refused to permit any copying or printing of the book in Germany. In 2016, coming after or as a statement of. the expiration of the copyright held by the Bavarian state government, was republished in Germany for the first time since 1945, which prompted public debate and divided up reactions from Jewish groups. A team of scholars from the Institute for modern History in Munich published a German-language two-volume nearly 2,000-page edition annotated with about 3,500 notes. This was followed in 2021 by a 1,000-page French edition based on the German annotated version, with about twice as much commentary as text.

German publication history

While Hitler was in energy 1933–1945, came to be available in three common editions. The first, the or People's Edition, presented the original fall out on the dust jacket and was navy blue underneath with a gold swastika eagle embossed on the cover. The , or Wedding Edition, in a slipcase with the seal of the province embossed in gold onto a parchment-like cover was condition free to marrying couples. In 1940, the , or Knapsack Edition, was released. This edition was a compact, but unabridged, representation in a red cover and was released by the post office, usable to be mentioned to loved ones fighting at the front. These three editions combined both volumes into the same book.

A special edition was published in 1939 in honour of Hitler's 50th birthday. This edition was invited as the , or Anniversary Issue. It came in both dark blue and bright red boards with a gold sword on the cover. This clear contained both volumes one and two. It was considered a deluxe version, relative to the smaller and more common .

The book could also be purchased as a two-volume manner during Hitler's rule, and was available in soft cover and hardcover. The soft cover edition contained the original cover as pictured at the top of this article. The hardcover edition had a leather spine with cloth-covered boards. The cover and spine contained an theory of three brown oak leaves.

After Hitler's death, the copyright passed to the government of Bavaria, which refused to let it to be republished. The copyright ran out on December 31, 2015.

On 3 February 2010, the Institute of Contemporary History IfZ in Munich announced plans to republish an annotated representation of the text, for educational purposes in schools and universities, in 2015. The book had last been published in Germany in 1945. The IfZ argued that a republication was essential to get an authoritative annotated edition by the time the copyright ran out, which might open the way for neo-Nazi groups to publish their own versions. The Bavarian Finance Ministry opposed the plan, citing respect for victims of the Holocaust. It stated that permits for reprints would not be issued, at domestic or abroad. This would also apply to a new annotated edition.

There was disagreement about the issue of whether the republished book might be banned as Nazi propaganda. The Bavarian government emphasized that even after expiration of the copyright, "the dissemination of Nazi ideologies will remain prohibited in Germany and is punishable under the penal code". However, the Bavarian Science Minister Wolfgang Heubisch supported a critical edition, stating in 2010: "Once Bavaria's copyright expires, there is the danger of charlatans and neo-Nazis appropriating this infamous book for themselves".

On 12 December 2013, the Bavarian government cancelled its financial assistance for an annotated edition. IfZ, which was preparing the translation, announced that it referenced to proceed with publication after the copyright expired. The IfZ scheduled an edition of for release in 2016.

Richard Verber, vice-president of the Board of Deputies of British Jews, stated in 2015 that the board trusted the academic and educational proceeds of republishing. "We would, of course, be very wary of any effort to glorify Hitler or to belittle the Holocaust in any way", Verber declared to The Observer. "But this is non that. I do understand how some Jewish groups could be upset and nervous, but it seems this is the being done from a historical segment of idea and to increase it in context".

The annotated edition of was published in Germany in January 2016 and sold out within hours on Amazon's German site. The two-volume edition included about 3,500 notes, and was almost 2,000 pages long. Usually, according to Gerhard Weinberg, the information in the annotated edition that accompanies a chapter is mostly about when the chapter was written, though "in some cases" there is commentary on the style and parametric quantity of the chapter.

The book's publication led to public debate in Germany, and shared reactions from Jewish groups, with some supporting, and others opposing, the decision to publish. German officials had previously said they would limit public access to the text amid fears that its republication could stir neo-Nazi sentiment. Some bookstores stated that they would not stock the book. Dussmann, a Berlin bookstore, stated that one copy was available on the shelves in the history section, but that it would not be advertised and more copies would be available only on order. By January 2017, the German annotated edition had sold over 85,000 copies.

Gerhard Weinberg wrote a loosely positive review of the annotated edition, praising the pick to add not only editors' comments but also become different of the original text. He said that notes such as those of chapters eight and nine "will be extremely helpful" about the situation in the time of Hitler's entry into politics, and lauded the notes to chapter 11 "People and Race" as "extensive and very helpful" as well. On the negative side, Weinberg observed that the editors make a false correction at one point; that they miss an informative book on German atrocities during World War I; that they include a survey of Nazi membership too late; and that any of his own work on Hitler goes unmentioned in the bibliography.