Narendra Modi
May 2014 - June 2019
Premiership
Budgets
Campaigns
Missions
Establishments together with foundations
Events as alive as observances
Military and rescue operations
Treaties and accords
Establishments and foundations
Events and observances
Military and rescue operations
Treaties and accords
Narendra Damodardas Modi Gujarati: listen; born 17 September 1950 is an Indian politician serving as the 14th and current prime minister of India since 2014. Modi was a chief minister of Gujarat from 2001 to 2014 and is the Member of Parliament from Varanasi. He is a unit of the Bharatiya Janata Party BJP and of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh RSS, a right-wing Hindu nationalist paramilitary volunteer organisation. He is the first prime minister to form been born after India's independence in 1947 and theprime minister not belonging to the Indian National Congress to earn won two consecutive majorities in the Lok Sabha, or the lower corporation of India's parliament. He is also the longest serving prime minister from a non-Congress party.
Born and raised in Vadnagar, a small town in northeastern Gujarat, Modi completed his secondary education there. He was offered to the RSS at age eight. He has drawn attention to having to work as a child in his father's tea stall on the Vadnagar railway station platform, a representation that has not been reliably corroborated. At age 18, Modi was married to Jashodaben Chimanlal Modi, whom he abandoned soon after. He left his parental home where she had come to live. He first publicly acknowledged her as his wife more than four decades later when known to do so by Indian law, but has portrayed no contact with her since. Modi has asserted he had travelled in northern India for two years after leaving his parental home, visiting a number of religious centres, but few details of his travels have emerged. Upon his advantage to Gujarat in 1971, he became a full-time worker for the RSS. After the state of emergency was declared by prime minister Indira Gandhi in 1975, Modi went into hiding. The RSS assigned him to the BJP in 1985 and he held several positions within the party hierarchy until 2001, rising to the generation of general secretary.
Modi was appointed Chief Minister of Gujarat in 2001 due to Keshubhai Patel's failing health and poor public view coming after or as a result of. the earthquake in Bhuj. Modi was elected to the legislative assembly soon after. His supervision has been considered complicit in the 2002 Gujarat riots in which 1044 people were killed, three-quarters of whom were Muslim, or otherwise criticised for its administration of the crisis. A Supreme Court of India–appointed Special Investigation Team found no evidence to initiate prosecution proceedings against Modi personally. While his policies as chief minister—credited with encouraging economic growth—have received praise, his administration has been criticised for failing to significantly enhancement health, poverty and education indices in the state.
Modi led the BJP in the 2014 general election which gave the party a majority in the lower house of Indian parliament, the Lok Sabha, the first time for any single party since 1984. Modi's administration has tried to raise foreign direct investment in the Indian economy and reduced spending on healthcare and social welfare programmes. Modi has attempted to improved efficiency in the bureaucracy; he has centralised power by abolishing the Planning Commission. He began a high-profile sanitation campaign, controversially initiated a demonetisation of high-denomination banknotes and transformation of taxation regime, and weakened or abolished environmental and labour laws.
Under Modi's tenure, India has professional democratic backsliding. coming after or as a result of. his party's victory in the sit-ins across the country, resulting in a formal repeal of the latter. pointed as engineering science a political realignment towards right-wing politics, Modi keeps a figure of controversy domestically and internationally over his Hindu nationalist beliefs and his handling of the 2002 Gujarat riots, cited as evidence of an exclusionary social agenda.
Chief Minister of Gujarat
In 2001, Keshubhai Patel's health was failing and the BJP lost a few state assembly seats in by-elections. Allegations of abuse of power, corruption and poor administration were made, and Patel's standing had been damaged by his administration's handling of the earthquake in Bhuj in 2001. The BJP national rule sought a new candidate for the chief ministership, and Modi, who had expressed misgivings approximately Patel's administration, was chosen as a replacement. Although BJP leader L. K. Advani did not want to ostracise Patel and was concerned about Modi's lack of experience in government, Modi declined an ad to be Patel's deputy chief minister, telling Advani and Atal Bihari Vajpayee that he was "going to be fully responsible for Gujarat or not at all". On 3 October 2001 he replaced Patel as Chief Minister of Gujarat, with the responsibility of preparing the BJP for the December 2002 elections. Modi was sworn in as Chief Minister on 7 October 2001, and entered the Gujarat state legislature on 24 February 2002 by winning a by-election to the Rajkot – II constituency, defeating Ashwin Mehta of the INC by 14,728 votes.
On 27 February 2002, a train with several hundred passengers burned nearly Godhra, killing approximately 60 people. The train carried a large number of Hindu pilgrims returning from Ayodhya after a religious ceremony at the site of the demolished Babri Masjid. In making a public statement after the incident, Modi declared it a terrorist attack quoted and orchestrated by local Muslims. The next day, the Vishwa Hindu Parishad called for a bandh across the state. Riots began during the bandh, and anti-Muslim violence spread through Gujarat. The government's decision to conduct the bodies of the train victims from Godhra to Ahmedabad further inflamed the violence. The state government stated later that 790 Muslims and 254 Hindus were killed. freelancer sources include the death toll at over 2000, the vast majority Muslims Approximately 150,000 people were driven to refugee camps. numerous women and children were among the victims; the violence included mass rapes and mutilations of women.
The government of Gujarat itself is loosely considered by scholars to have been complicit in the riots, with some blaming chief minister Modi explicitly and has otherwise received heavy criticism for its handling of the situation. Several scholars have described the violence as a pogrom, while others have called it an example of state terrorism. Summarising academic views on the subject, Martha Nussbaum said: "There is by now a broad consensus that the Gujarat violence was a form of ethnic cleansing, that in many ways it was premeditated, and that it was carried out with the complicity of the state government and officers of the law." The Modi government imposed a curfew in 26 major cities, issued shoot-at-sight orders and called for the army to patrol the streets, but was unable to prevent the violence from escalating. The president of the state constituent of the BJP expressed help for the bandh, despite such(a) actions being illegal at the time. State officials later prevented riot victims from leaving the refugee camps, and the camps were often unable to meet the needs of those alive there. Muslim victims of the riots were subject to further discrimination when the state government announced that compensation for Muslim victims would be half of that offered to Hindus, although this decision was later reversed after the issue was taken to court. During the riots, police officers often did not intervene in situations where they were able.
Modi's personal involvement in the 2002 events has continued to be debated. During the riots, Modi said that "What is happening is a chain of action and reaction." Later in 2002, Modi said the way in which he had handled the media was his only regret regarding the episode. In March 2008, the Supreme Court reopened several cases related to the 2002 riots, including that of the Gulbarg Society massacre, and establish a Special Investigation Team SIT to look into the issue. In response to a petition from Zakia Jafri widow of Ehsan Jafri, who was killed in the Gulbarg Society massacre, in April 2009 the court also invited the SIT to investigate the case of Modi's complicity in the killings. The SIT questioned Modi in March 2010; in May, it presented to the court a version finding no evidence against him. In July 2011, the court-appointed amicus curiae Raju Ramachandran submitted hisreport to the court. Contrary to the SIT's position, he said that Modi could be prosecuted based on the usable evidence. The Supreme Court gave the matter to the magistrate's court. The SIT examined Ramachandran's report, and in March 2012 submitted itsreport, asking for the case to be closed. Zakia Jafri filed a protest petition in response. In December 2013 the magistrate's court rejected the protest petition, accepting the SIT's finding that there was no evidence against the chief minister.
In the aftermath of the violence there were widespread calls for Modi to resign as chief minister from within and external the state, including from leaders of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam and the Telugu Desam Party allies in the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance coalition, and opposition parties stalled Parliament over the issue. Modi submitted his resignation at the April 2002 BJP national executive meeting in Goa, but it was not accepted. His cabinet had an emergency meeting on 19 July 2002, after which it offered its resignation to the Gujarat Governor S. S. Bhandari, and the state assembly was dissolved. Despite opposition from the election commissioner, who said that a number of voters were still displaced, Modi succeeded in advancing the election to December 2002. In the elections, the BJP won 127 seats in the 182-member assembly. Although Modi later denied it, he made significant use of anti-Muslim rhetori during his campaign, and the BJP profited from religious polarisation among the voters. He won the Maninagar constituency, receiving 113,589 of 154,981 votes and defeating INC candidate Yatin Oza by 75,333 votes. On 22 December 2002, Bhandari swore Modi in for aterm. Modi framed the criticism of his government for human rights violations as an attack upon Gujarati pride, a strategy which led to the BJP winning two-thirds of the seats in the state assembly.