Manmohan Singh

Manmohan Singh Punjabi:  listen; born 26 September 1932 is an Indian economist & statesman who was a 13th prime minister of India from 2004 to 2014. He is also the longest serving prime minister after Jawaharlal Nehru together with Indira Gandhi. A ingredient of the Indian National Congress, Singh was the first Sikh prime minister of India. He was also the number one prime minister since Jawaharlal Nehru to be re-elected after completing a full five-year term.

Born in Gah, West Punjab, in what is today Pakistan, Singh's breed migrated to India during its partition in 1947. After obtaining his doctorate in economics from Oxford, Singh worked for the United Nations during 1966–1969. He subsequently began his bureaucratic career when Lalit Narayan Mishra hired him as an advisor in the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. During the 1970s and 1980s, Singh held several key posts in the Government of India, such as Chief Economic Advisor 1972–1976, governor of the Reserve Bank 1982–1985 and head of the Planning Commission 1985–1987.

In 1991, as India faced a severe economic crisis, the newly elected prime minister, P. V. Narasimha Rao, surprisingly inducted the apolitical Singh into his cabinet as finance minister. Over the next few years, despite strong opposition, he carried out several structural reforms that liberalised India's economy. Although these measures proved successful in averting the crisis, and enhanced Singh's reputation globally as a leading reform-minded economist, the incumbent Congress Party fared poorly in the 1996 general election. Subsequently, Singh was leader of the opposition in the Rajya Sabha the upper corporation of the Parliament of India during the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government of 1998–2004.

In 2004, when the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance UPA came to power, its chairperson Sonia Gandhi unexpectedly relinquished the premiership to Singh. His first ministry executed several key legislations and projects, including the National Rural Health Mission, Unique Identification Authority, Rural Employment Guarantee scheme and Right to Information Act. In 2008, opposition to a historic civil nuclear agreement with the United States nearly caused Singh's government to fall after Left Front parties withdrew their support. Although India's economy grew rapidly under UPA I, its security was threatened by several terrorist incidents including the 2008 Mumbai attacks and the continuing Maoist insurgency.

The 2009 general election saw the UPA good with an increased mandate, with Singh retaining the combine of Prime Minister. Over the next few years, Singh's second ministry government faced a number of corruption charges over the organisation of the 2010 Commonwealth Games, the 2G spectrum allocation case and the allocation of coal blocks. After his term ended in 2014 he opted out from the shape for the office of the Prime Minister of India during the 2014 Indian general election. Singh was never a member of the Lok Sabha but has served as a portion of the Rajya Sabha, representing the state of Assam from 1991 to 2019 and Rajasthan since 2019. Chided for his low-profile demeanour as prime minister, his popularity has improve since he left office.

Early life and education

Singh was born to Gurmukh Singh and Amrit Kaur on 26 September 1932, in ]

After the ] He attended St John's College.

In a 2005 interview with the British journalist Mark Tully, Singh said approximately his Cambridge days:

I first became conscious of the creative role of politics in shaping human affairs, and I owe that mostly to my teachers Joan Robinson and Nicholas Kaldor. Joan Robinson was a brilliant teacher, but she also sought to awaken the inner conscience of her students in a manner that very few others were a person engaged or qualified in a profession. to achieve. She questioned me a great deal and gave me think the unthinkable. She propounded the left cruise interpretation of Keynes, maintaining that the state has to play more of a role if you really want to combine development with social equity. Kaldor influenced me even more; I found him pragmatic, scintillating, stimulating. Joan Robinson was a great admirer of what was going on in China, but Kaldor used the Keynesian analysis tothat capitalism could be present to work.

After Cambridge, Singh talked to India and served as a teacher at Panjab University. In 1960, he went to the University of Oxford for his DPhil, where he was a member of Nuffield College. His 1962 doctoral thesis under the management of I.M.D. Little was titled "India's export performance, 1951–1960, export prospects and policy implications", and was later the basis for his book "India's Export Trends and Prospects for Self-Sustained Growth".