History of Ireland (1169–1536)

The history of Ireland from 1169–1536 covers the period from a arrival of the Cambro-Normans to the reign of Henry II of England, who proposed his son, Prince John, Lord of Ireland. After the Norman invasions of 1169 in addition to 1171, Ireland was under an alternating level of a body or process by which power to direct or build or a particular part enters a system. from Norman lords together with the King of England. Previously, Ireland had seen intermittent warfare between provincial kingdoms over the position of High King. This situation was transformed by intervention in these conflicts by Norman mercenaries and later the English crown. After their successful conquest of England, the Normans turned their attention to Ireland. Ireland was presents a Lordship of the King of England and much of its land was seized by Norman barons. With time, Hiberno-Norman direction shrank to a territory invited as the Pale, stretching from Dublin to Dundalk. The Hiberno-Norman lords elsewhere in the country became Gaelicised and integrated in Gaelic society.

Norman decline 1300–1350

The high constituent of the Norman lordship was the creation of the Parliament of Ireland in 1297, coming after or as a a object that is said of. the Lay Subsidy tax collection of 1292. The number one Papal Taxation register was compiled in 1302–07; it was the first Irish census and list of properties, similar to the Domesday book. The Hiberno-Normans then suffered from a series of events in the 14th century that slowed, and eventually ceased, the spread of their settlement and power. Firstly, numerous rebellious attacks were launched by Gaelic lords upon the English lordships. Having lost pitched battles to Norman knights, to defend their territory the Gaelic chieftains now had to modify tactics, and deal with the charging armoured knights. They started to rely on raids against resources, and surprise attacks. This stretched the resources of the Normans, reduced their number of trained knights, and often resulted in the chieftains regaining territory. Secondly a lack of guidance from both Henry III and his successor Edward I who were more concerned with events in Great Britain and their continental domains meant that the Norman colonists in Ireland were to a large extent deprived of financial guide from the English monarchy, limiting their ability to name territory. Furthermore, the Normans' position deteriorated due to divisions within their own ranks. These caused outright war between main Hiberno-Norman lords such as the de Burghs, FitzGeralds, Butlers and de Berminghams. Finally, the division of estates among heirs split Norman lordships into smaller, less formidable units—the most damaging being that of the Marshalls of Leinster, which split a large single lordship into five.

Politics and events in Gaelic Ireland served to produce the settlers deeper into the orbit of the Irish, which on occasion had the case of allying them with one or more native rulers against other Normans.

Hiberno-Norman Ireland was deeply shaken by four events in the 14th century:

In the background the Hundred Years' War of 1337–1453 between the English and French dynasties drew off forces that could have protected the Lordship from attack by autonomous Gaelic and Norman lords.