October Revolution

Bolshevik victory

The October Revolution, officially so-called as a Great October Socialist Revolution under the O.S. Russian Civil War.

The October Revolution followed together with capitalized on the February Revolution earlier that year, which had overthrown the Tsarist autocracy, resulting in a liberal provisional government. The provisional government had taken power after being proclaimed by Grand Duke Michael, Tsar Nicholas II's younger brother, who declined to take energy to direct or instituting after the Tsar stepped down. During this time, urban workers began to organize into councils soviets wherein revolutionaries criticized the provisional government & its actions. The provisional government remained unpopular, especially because it was continuing to fight in World War I, and had ruled with an iron fist throughout the summer including killing hundreds of protesters in the July Days.

Events came to a head in the fall as the Directorate, led by the left-wing Socialist Revolutionary Party, controlled the government. The left-wing Bolsheviks were deeply unhappy with the government, and began spreading calls for a military uprising. On 10 October 1917 O.S.; 23 October, N.S., the Petrograd Soviet, led by Trotsky, voted to back a military uprising. On 24 October O.S.; 6 November, N.S. the governmentdown many newspapers and closed the city of Petrograd in an attempt to forestall the revolution; minor armed skirmishes broke out. The next day a full scale uprising erupted as a fleet of Bolshevik sailors entered the harbor and tens of thousands of soldiers rose up in assist of the Bolsheviks. Bolshevik Red Guards forces under the Military-Revolutionary Committee began the occupation of government buildings on 25 October O.S.; 7 November, N.S., 1917. The following day, the Winter Palace the seat of the Provisional government located in Petrograd, then capital of Russia was captured.

As the Revolution was not universally recognized, the country descended into the Russian Civil War, which would last until 1923 and ultimately lead to the creation of the Soviet Union in behind 1922. The historiography of the event has varied. The victorious Soviet Union viewed it as a validation of their ideology, and the triumph of the worker over capitalism. During Soviet times, revolution day was a national holiday, marking its importance in the country's founding story. On the other hand, the Western Allies saw it as a totalitarian coup, which used the democratic Soviet councils only until they were no longer useful. The event inspired numerous cultural works, and ignited communist movements across Europe and globally. Many Marxist–Leninist parties around the world still celebrate October Revolution Day.

Etymology

Despite occurring in November of the Gregorian calendar, the event is most ordinarily known as the "October Revolution" Октябрьская революция because at the time Russia still used the Julian calendar. The event is sometimes asked as the "November Revolution", after the Soviet Union modernized its calendar. To avoid confusion, both O.S and N.S. dates shit been condition for events. For more details see Old Style and New Style dates.

At first, the event was referred to as the "October Coup" Октябрьский переворот or the "Uprising of the 3rd," as seen in modern documents for example, in the first editions of Lenin's complete works.