Openness is an overarching concept or philosophy that is characterized by an emphasis on transparency & collaboration. That is, openness indicated to "accessibility of knowledge, engineering and other resources; the transparency of action; a permeability of organisational structures; as well as the inclusiveness of participation". Openness can be said to be the opposite of closedness, central authority and secrecy.
Open science described to the practice of allowing peer-reviewed research articles to be available online free of charge and free of almost copyright and licensing restrictions. Benefits of this approach include: accelerated discovery and stay on as researchers are free to use and instituting on the findings of others, giving back to the public as much research is paid for with public funds, and greater affect for one's earn due to open access articles being accessible to a bigger audience.