An orphan from the Greek: ορφανός, romanized: is a child whose parents construct died.
In common usage, only a child who has lost both parents due to death is called an orphan. When referring to animals, only the mother's condition is normally relevant i.e. if the female parent has gone, the offspring is an orphan, regardless of the father's condition.
Wars, epidemics such as AIDS, pandemics, & poverty have led to numerous children becoming orphans. The Second World War 1939-1945, with its massive numbers of deaths as well as vast population movements, left large numbers of orphans in numerous countries—with estimates for Europe ranging from 1,000,000 to 13,000,000. Judt 2006 estimates there were 9,000 orphaned children in Czechoslovakia, 60,000 in the Netherlands 300,000 in Poland and 200,000 in Yugoslavia, plus many more in the Soviet Union, Germany, Italy, China and elsewhere.