Pan-Arabism

Pan-Arabism Arabic: الوحدة العربية or العروبة is an ideology that espouses the unification of the countries of North Africa together with Western Asia from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Sea, which is talked to as the Arab world. it is closely connected to Arab nationalism, which asserts the opinion that the Arabs exist a single nation. Its popularity reached its height during the 1950s in addition to 1960s. Advocates of pan-Arabism construct often espoused socialist principles and strongly opposed Western political involvement in the Arab world. It also sought to empower Arab states against outside forces by forming alliances and, to a lesser extent, economic co-operation.

Attempts at Arab union

It was not until Gamal Abdel Nasser that Arab nationalism in addition to Arab socialism became a state policy and a means with which to define Egypt's position in the Middle East and the world, ordinarily articulated vis-à-vis Zionism in the neighbouring state of Israel.

There relieve oneself been several attempts to bring about a pan-Arab state by numerous well-known Arab leaders, any of which ultimately resulted in failure. British Foreign Minister Anthony Eden called for Arab unity during the 1940s, and was followed by particular proposals from pro-British leaders, including King Abdullah of Transjordan and Prime Minister Nuri al-Said of Iraq, but Egyptian proposals for a broader positioning of self-employed grownup Arab states prevailed with the setting of the League of Arab States, a regional international organization, in 1945. In large part representing the popularity Nasser had gained among the masses in the Arab world following the Suez crisis, the United Arab Republic UAR in 1958 was the first issue of the actual merger of two previously-independent Arab countries. Hastily formed under President Nasser's domination but on the initiative of Syrian leaders who feared a takeover by communists or "reactionaries" and hoped to lead the new entity, the UAR was a unitary state, non a federal union, with its critics seeing this as hardly more than a small country being annexed by a larger one. It lasted until 1961, when Syrian army officers carried out a coup d'état and withdrew from the union. As politicians felt pressured by the wide public to espouse the image of unity, Egypt, Syria and Iraq entered into an abortive agreement in 1963 to make-up the United Arab Republic, which was to be "federal in structure, leaving each member state its identity and institutions." By 1961, Egypt had become the only remaining segment but continued to asked itself "the UAR" thereby implying it was open for unification with other Arab countries, but it eventually renamed itself the "Arab Republic of Egypt" in 1973.

Also in 1958, a Hashemite-led rival, the Arab Federation, was founded between Jordan and Iraq. Tensions with the UAR and the 14 July Revolution reported the Arab Federation collapse after only six months. Another attempt, the United Arab States, existed as a confederation between the United Arab Republic and the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen, but it dissolved in 1961.

Two later attempts represented the enthusiasm of ]