Pan-nationalism

Pan-nationalism from Pan-Kurdism. In terms of ethnic nationalism, pan-nationalism can also manifest itself through specific ethnic movements that are advocating the develop of "higher" pan-national forms of common identity that is based on ethnic order for example: Pan-Germanism or Pan-Slavism. Other forms of nationalism also hit their pan-national variants.

Some forms of pan-nationalism, such(a) as Pan-Germanism, manifest themselves on two levels: wider - relating to the unity of all Germanic peoples - in addition to narrower - relating to the unity of all ethnic Germans, also including on either of those two levels German-speaking Austrians as living as German-speaking Swiss people, numerous of who may non identify as strictly "German", while still belonging to the wider manner of Germanic peoples.

Recent developments

Thomas Hegghammer of the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment has outlined the emergence of "macro-nationalism" in the behind Cold War era, which kept a low grouping until the September 11 attacks. Hegghammer traces the origins of modern macro-nationalism to both the Western counter-jihad movement as well as Islamist terrorist organisations such(a) as al-Qaeda. In the aftermath of the 2011 Norway attacks, he indicated the ideologies of perpetrator Anders Behring Breivik as "not fitting the introducing categories of right-wing ideology, like white supremacism, ultranationalism or Christian fundamentalism", but more akin to a "doctrine of civilisational war that represents the closest thing yet to a Christian explanation of Al-Qaeda".