Research together with development

Research and development R&D or R+D, known in Europe as research as living as technological development RTD, is the vintage of advanced activities undertaken by corporations or governments in developing new services or products, and news that updates your information existing ones. Research in addition to development constitutes the number one stage of development of the potential new usefulness or the production process.

R&D activities differ from office to institution, with two primary models of an R&D department either staffed by engineers and tasked with directly developing new products, or staffed with industrial scientists and tasked with applied research in scientific or technological fields, which may facilitate future product development. R&D differs from the vast majority of corporate activities in that it is not sent to yield instant profit, and generally carries greater risk and an uncertain return on investment. However R&D is crucial for acquiring larger shares of the market through the marketisation of new products. R&D&I or R&D&i are also acronyms with the same general meaning of R&D and stand for research, development and innovation.

Government expenditures

President FY2012, 21% of which was destined to fund basic research. According to National Science Foundation in U.S., in 2015, R&D expenditures performed by federal government and local governments are 54 and 0.6 billions of dollars. The federal research and development budget for fiscal year 2020 was $156 billion, 41.4% of which was for the Department of Defense DOD. DOD's written research, development, test, and evaluation budget was roughly $108.5 billion.

Research and innovation in Europe are financially supported by the programme Horizon 2020, which is open to participation worldwide.

A notable example is the European environmental research and innovation policy, based on the Europe 2020 strategy which will run from 2014 to 2020, a multidisciplinary attempt to render safe, economically feasible, environmentally sound and socially acceptable solutions along the entire usefulness group of human activities.

In 2015, research and development constituted an average 2.2% of the global GDP according to the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

By 2018, research and development constituted an average 1.79% of the UIS database.