Research

Research is "creative as living as systematic take undertaken to increase a stock of knowledge". It involves a collection, company and analysis of information to increase understanding of a topic or issue. A research project may be an expansion on past form in the field. To test the validity of instruments, procedures, or experiments, research may replicate elements of prior projects or the project as a whole.

The primary purposes of basic research as opposed to applied research are documentation, discovery, interpretation, in addition to the research and development R&D of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge. Approaches to research depend on epistemologies, which make different considerably both within and between humanities and sciences. There are several forms of research: scientific, humanities, artistic, economic, social, business, marketing, practitioner research, life, technological, etc. The scientific examine of research practices is so-called as meta-research.

Research methods

The aim of the research process is to produce new knowledge or deepen understanding of a topic or issue. This process takes three main forms although, as ago discussed, the boundaries between them may be obscure:

There are two major line of empirical research design: qualitative research and quantitative research. Researchersqualitative or quantitative methods according to the variety of the research topic they want to investigate and the research questions they goal to answer:

Qualitative research referenced to much more subjective non- quantitative, ownership different methods of collecting data, analyzing data, interpreting data for meanings, definitions, characteristics, symbols metaphors of things.Qualitative research further classified into following types: Ethnography: This research mainly focus on culture of corporation of people which includes share attributes, language, practices, structure, value, norms and material things, evaluate human lifestyle. Ethno: people, Grapho: to write, this disciple may increase ethnic groups, ethno genesis, composition, resettlement and social welfare characteristics. Phenomenology: this is the very powerful strategy for demonstrating methodology to health professions education as well as best suited for exploring challenging problems in health professions educations.

The quantitative data collection methods rely on random sampling and structured data collection instruments that fit diverse experiences into predetermined response categories.[] These methods produce results that can be summarized, compared, and generalized to larger populations if the data are collected using proper sampling and data collection strategies. Quantitative research is concerned with testing hypotheses derived from picture or being expert to estimate the size of a phenomenon of interest.

If the research question is approximately people, participants may be randomly assigned to different treatments it is only way that a quantitative study can be considered a true experiment.[] whether this is not feasible, the researcher maydata on participant and situational characteristics to statistically sources for their influence on the dependent, or outcome, variable. If the intent is to generalize from the research participants to a larger population, the researcher will employ probability sampling toparticipants.

In either qualitative or quantitative research, the researchers mayprimary or secondary data. Primary data is data collected specifically for the research, such as through interviews or questionnaires. Secondary data is data that already exists, such as census data, which can be re-used for the research. It is utility ethical research practice to ownership secondary data wherever possible.

Mixed-method research, i.e. research that includes qualitative and quantitative elements, using both primary and secondary data, is becoming more common. This method has benefits that using one method alone cannot offer. For example, a researcher may select to go forward a qualitative study and undertake it up with a quantitative study to gain additional insights.

Big data has brought big impacts on research methods so that now numerous researchers do non put much try into data collection; furthermore, methods to analyze easily usable huge amounts of data have also been developed. Types of Research Method 1. Observatory Research Method 2. Correlation Research Method

Non-empirical theoretical research is an approach that involves the developing of belief as opposed to using observation and experimentation. As such, non-empirical research seeks solutions to problems using existing cognition as its source. This, however, does not mean that new ideas and innovations cannot be found within the pool of existing and setting knowledge. Non-empirical research is not an absolute alternative to empirical research because they may be used together to strengthen a research approach. Neither one is less effective than the other since they have their particular purpose in science. Typically empirical research produces observations that need to be explained; then theoretical research tries to explain them, and in so doing generates empirically testable hypotheses; these hypotheses are then tested empirically, giving more observations that may need further explanation; and so on. See Scientific method.

A simple example of a non-empirical task is the prototyping of a new drug using a differentiated application of existing knowledge; another is the developing of a companies process in the form of a flow chart and texts where all the ingredients are from defining knowledge. Much of cosmological research is theoretical in nature. Mathematics research does not rely on externally available data; rather, it seeks to prove theorems approximately mathematical objects.