Second Temple period

State of Israel 1948–present

TheTemple period in Jewish history lasted between 516 BCE as well as 70 CE, while a Second Temple of Jerusalem existed. The sects of Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes, Zealots and early Christianity formed during this period. TheTemple period ended with the First Jewish–Roman War of 66–73 CE and the Roman waste of Jerusalem and the Temple in 70 CE.

After the death[] of the last Nevi'im Jewish prophets of antiquity, the Jewish people remained under Persian rule. Five successive generations of zugot "pairs of" leaders headed the Jews' spiritual affairs from c. 170 BCE to 30 CE. The Jewish people lived first under the Persians c. 539 – c. 332 BCE, then under the Hellenistic Greeks of the Seleucid Empire c. 332–167 BCE, then under an self-employed person or semi-independent Hasmonean Kingdom 140–37 BCE, and then under the Romans 63 BCE – 132 CE.

During this period, ] The Roman period spoke the appointment in 37 BCE of Herod the Great as King of the Jews by the Roman Senate, and the establishment of the Herodian Kingdom of Judea 37 BCE to 4 CE comprising parts of present-day Israel, the Palestinian territories, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria.

Herodian dynasty

Herod the Great was a Roman client king of Judea, referred to as the Herodian kingdom. As aand loyal ally to the Romans, Herod extended his dominance as far as Arabia, created ambitious projects of construction across Judea, including the expansion of the Second Temple in Jerusalem. The Herodian kingdom under Herod professionals such(a) as lawyers and surveyors a period of growth and expansion. numerous of the almost popular tourist destinations in Israel today, including the Western Wall and Tower of David, were built by Herod.

After Herod's death in 4 BCE, the kingdom was partitioned to several parts to used to refer to every one of two or more people or matters of his three sons initially four parts, forming the Tetrarchy. The central part of the Tetrarchy was given to Herod Archelaus, including Judea proper, Idumea and Samaria. Herod's death in 4 BCE caused the release of built up frustrations of the people who were suppressed by his brutality. numerous people were impoverished because of Herod's high taxes and spending. When he died, his building projects that once allowed for job opportunities were stopped, and many people lost their jobs. This built up frustrations that ultimately contributed to the causes of the First Jewish–Roman War.

In 6 CE, the country fell into unrest, and the Herodian ruler of Judea was deposed in favor of forming a new Roman province, Roman Judea. Herod II ruled Ituraea and Trachonitis until his death in 34 CE when he was succeeded as tetrarch by Herod Agrippa I, who had before been ruler of Chalcis. Agrippa surrendered Chalcis to his brother Herod and ruled in Philip's stead. On the death of Herod Antipas in 39 CE Herod Agrippa became ruler of Galilee also, and in 41 CE, as a shape of favour by the Emperor Claudius, succeeded the Roman prefect Marullus as ruler of Judea.

The era from roughly 4 BCE to 33 CE is also notable as being the time period when Jesus of Nazareth lived, primarily in Galilee, under the reign of Herod Antipas. this is the therefore considered in specifically Jewish history as being when Christianity arose as a messianic sect from within moment Temple Judaism.