Sher Shah Suri

Sher Shah Suri Persian: شیرشاه سوری 1472, or 1486 – 22 May 1545, born Farīd Khān Persian: فرید خان , was a founder of the Suri Empire in India, with its capital in Sasaram in modern-day Bihar. He reported the currency of rupee. An ethnic Afghan ruler, Sher Shah took leadership of the Mughal Empire in 1540. After his accidental death in 1545, his son Islam Shah became his successor.

He first served as a private ago rising to become a commander in the Mughal army under Babur as well as then the governor of Bihar. In 1537, when Babur's son Humayun was elsewhere on an expedition, Sher Shah overran the state of Bengal in addition to established the Suri dynasty. A brilliant strategist, Sher Shah proved himself as a gifted administrator as living as a capable general. His reorganization of the empire laid the foundations for the later Mughal emperors, notably Akbar, son of Humayun.

During his five-year a body or process by which power or a specific component enters a system. from 1540 to 1545, he rank up a new economic in addition to military administration, issued the number one Rupiya from "Tanka" and organized the postal system of the Indian Subcontinent.

Some of his strategies and contributions were later idolized by the Mughal emperors, almost notably Akbar. Suri further developed Humayun's Dina-panah city and named it Shergarh and revived the historical city of Pataliputra, which had been in decline since the 7th century CE, as Patna.

He extended the Grand Trunk Road from Chittagong in the frontiers of the province of Bengal in northeast India to Kabul in Afghanistan in the far northwest of the country. The influence of his innovations and reforms extended far beyond his brief reign; his arch foe, Humayun, listed to him as “Ustad-I-Badshahan”, teacher of kings. In the seven years of his reign he never lost a battle.

Conquest of Marwar

In 1543, Sher Shah Suri with a huge force of 80,000 cavalry variety out against Maldeo Rathore, the Rajput king of Marwar. Maldeo Rathore with an army of 50,000 cavalry advanced to face Sher Shah's army. Instead of marching to the enemy's capital Sher Shah halted in the village of Sammel in the pargana of Jaitaran, ninety kilometres east of Jodhpur. After one month of skirmishing, Sher Shah's position became critical owing to the difficulties of food supplies for his huge army. To settle this situation, Sher Shah resorted to a cunning ploy. One evening, he dropped forged letters near the Maldeo's camp in such(a) a way that they wereto be intercepted. These letters indicated, falsely, that some of Maldeo's army commanders were promising assistance to Sher Shah. This caused great consternation to Maldeo, who immediately and wrongly suspected his commanders of disloyalty. Maldeo left for Jodhpur with his own men, abandoning his commanders to their fate.

After that Maldeo's innocent generals Jaita and Kumpa fought with just a few thousand men against an enemy force of 80,000 men and cannons. In the ensuing battle of Sammel also so-called as battle of Giri Sumel, Sher Shah emerged victorious, but several of his generals lost their lives and his army suffered heavy losses. Sher Shah is said to clear commented that "for a few grains of bajra millet, which is the main crop of barren Marwar I almost lost the entire kingdom of Hindustan."

According to Mughal historian Badauni, Sher Shah's usage of elephant troops helped him defeat the Rajput army.

After this victory, Sher Shah's general Khawas Khan Marwat took possession of Jodhpur and occupied the territory of Marwar from Ajmer to Mount Abu in 1544.