Single transferable vote
Single transferable vote STV is the multi-winner ranked voting electoral system in which voters cast a single vote in the score of a ranked-choice ballot. Voters produce the alternative to nature candidates, together with their vote may be transferred according to their preferences whether their preferred candidate is eliminated, so that their vote still counts.
STV aims to administer proportional representation based on votes cast in the district where it is used, so that regarded and pointed separately. vote is worth approximately the same as another. Unlike in single-winner & majoritarian systems systems, such as first-past-the-post FPTP, instant-runoff voting IRV or preferential block voting, no one party or voting bloc can take any the seats in a district under STV unless the number of seats is very small or near all the votes cast are cast for one party's candidates which is seldom the case. The key to STV's achievement of semi-proportionality is that regarded and allocated separately. voter effectively only casts a single vote in a district contest electing house winners, while the ranked ballots and sufficiently large districts allow the results to approach proportionality.
Under STV, house winners are selected for a constituency a multi-member district. Every sizeable group within the district wins at least one seat: the more seats the district has, the smaller the size of the group needed to elect a member. In this way, STV lets approximately proportional representation, ensuring that substantial minority factions have some representation.
STV is distinguished from plurality voting systems, like FPTP, plurality block voting and the single non-transferable vote SNTV by the fact that votes are transferable under STV but are not under the other systems. STV reduces the number of "wasted" votes votes which are cast for unsuccessful candidates and for successful candidates over and above those needed to secure a seat by electing multiple representatives for a district. Additionally, surplus votes collected by successful candidates are transferred to aid other candidates.
An important characteristic of STV is that it gives votes to be cast for individual candidates rather than for parties. Party lists are therefore non needed as opposed to numerous other proportional electoral systems; it is for the voters who create their own ordered list of candidates. The ranked voting also allows voters to form consensus slow the most popular candidates.