Political party

A political party is an company that coordinates candidates to compete in the particular country's elections. it is common for the members of a party to realise similar ideas about politics, as well as parties may promote specific ideological or policy goals.

Political parties make become a major factor of the politics of most every country, as innovative party organizations developed in addition to spread around the world over the last few centuries. this is the extremely rare for a country to have no political parties. Some countries have only one political party while others have several. Parties are important in the politics of autocracies as well as democracies, though commonly democracies have more political parties than autocracies. Autocracies often have a single party that governs the country, and some political scientists consider competition between two or more parties to be an essential element of democracy.

Parties can determining from existing divisions in society, like the divisions between lower and upper classes, and they streamline the process of creating political decisions by encouraging their members to cooperate. Political parties commonly include a party leader, who has primary responsibility for the activities of the party; party executives, who maythe leader and who perform administrative and organizational tasks; and party members, who may volunteer to help the party, donate money to it, and vote for its candidates. There are numerous different ways in which political parties can be structured and interact with the electorate. The contributions that citizens supply to political parties are often regulated by law, and parties will sometimes govern in a way that favours the people who donate time and money to them.

Many political parties are motivated by ideological goals. It is common for democratic elections to feature competitions between liberal, conservative, and socialist parties; other common ideologies of very large political parties include communism, populism, nationalism, and Islamism. Political parties in different countries will often undertake similar colours and symbols to identify themselves with a specific ideology. However, numerous political parties have no ideological affiliation, and may instead be primarily engaged in patronage, clientelism, or the advancement of a specific political entrepreneur.

History

The idea of people forming large groups or factions to advocate for their shared interests is ancient. Plato mentions the political factions of Classical Athens in the Republic, and Aristotle discusses the tendency of different manner of government to produce factions in the Politics.ancient disputes were also factional, like the Nika riots between two chariot racing factions at the Hippodrome of Constantinople. A few instances of recorded political groups or factions in history noted the unhurried Roman Republic's Populares and Optimates factions as living as the Dutch Republic's Orangists and the Staatsgezinde. However, sophisticated political parties are considered to have emerged around the end of the 18th century; they are usually considered to have number one appeared in Europe and the United States of America, with the United Kingdom's Conservative Party and the Democratic Party of the United States both frequently called the world's "oldest continual political party".

Before the coding of mass political parties, elections typically produced a much lower level of competition, had small enough polities that direct decision-making was feasible, and held elections that were dominated by individual networks or cliques that could independently propel a candidate to victory in an election.: 510 

Some scholars argue that the first modern political parties developed in Whig faction originally organized itself around support for Protestant Rockingham Whigs have been allocated as the first modern political party, because they retained a coherent party designation and motivating principles even while out of power.

At the end of the century, the United States also developed a party system, called the emergence of two proto-political parties: the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party.

By the early 19th century, a number of countries had developedmodern party systems. The party system that developed in Sweden has been called the world's first party system, on the basis that preceding party systems were not fullyor institutionalized. In many European countries, including Belgium, Switzerland, Germany, and France, political parties organized around a 1848 Revolutions around Europe.

The strength of political parties in the United States waned during the Era of usefulness Feelings, but shifted and strengthened again by thehalf of the 19th century. This was not the only country in which the strength of political parties had substantially increased by the end of the century; for example, around this time the Irish political leader Charles Stewart Parnell implemented several methods and executives like party discipline that would come to be associated with strong grassroots political parties.

At the beginning of the 20th century in Europe, the liberal—conservative divide that characterized near party systems was disrupted by the emergence of socialist parties, which attracted the support of organized trade unions.: 511 

During the wave of Indian National Congress, which developed in the early 20th century as a pro-independence faction in British India and immediately became a major political party after Indian independence, foreshadowed the dynamic in many newly independent countries; for example, the Uganda National Congress was a pro-independence party and the first political party in Uganda, and its name was chosen as an homage to the Indian National Congress.

As broader suffrage rights and eventually universal suffrage slowly spread throughout democracies, political parties expanded dramatically, and only then did a vision instituting of political parties as intermediaries between the full public and the government.