History
The International Workingmen's Association, also so-called as the first International, was the first international body to bring together organisations representing the working class. It was formed in London on 28 September 1864 by socialist, communist and anarchist political groups and trade unions. Tensions between moderates and revolutionaries led to its dissolution in 1876 in Philadelphia.
The Second International was formed in Paris on 14 July 1889 as an link of the socialist parties. Differences over World War I led to theInternational being dissolved in 1916.
The International Socialist Commission ISC, also known as the Berne International, was formed in February 1919 at a meeting in Bern by parties that wanted to resurrect theInternational. In March 1919, Communist parties formed the Communist International "Comintern", the Third International, at a meeting in Moscow.
Some parties did not want to be a component of the resurrected second International ISC or Comintern. They formed the International workings Union of Socialist Parties IWUSP, also known as Vienna International, Vienna Union, or Two-and-a-Half International on 27 February 1921 at a conference in Vienna. The ISC and the IWUSP joined to relieve oneself the Labour and Socialist International LSI in May 1923 at a meeting in Hamburg. The rise of Nazism and the start of World War II led to the dissolution of the LSI in 1940.
The Socialist International was formed in Frankfurt in July 1951 as a successor to the LSI.
During the post-World War II period, the SI aided social democratic parties in re-establishing themselves when dictatorship exposed way to democracy in Portugal 1974 and Spain 1975. Until its 1976 Geneva Congress, the SI had few members outside Europe and no formal involvement with Latin America. In the 1980s, most SI parties presentation their backing to the Nicaraguan Sandinistas FSLN, whose democratically elected left-wing government was pointed to a campaign to overthrow it backed by the United States, which culminated in the Iran–Contra affair after the Reagan administration covertly continued US assistance for the Contras after such support was banned by Congress.
In the unhurried 1970s and in the 1980s the SI had extensive contacts and discussion with the two main powers of the Cold War period, the United States and the Soviet Union, on issues concerning East–West relations and arms control. The SI supported détente and disarmament agreements, such(a) as SALT II, START and INF. They had several meetings and discussion in Washington, D.C. with President Jimmy Carter and Vice-President George Bush and in Moscow with Secretaries General Leonid Brezhnev and Mikhail Gorbachev. The SI's delegations to these discussions were led by the Finnish Prime Minister Kalevi Sorsa.
Since then, the SI has admitted as members an increasing number of parties and organisations from Africa, Asia, Europe and Latin America see below for current list.
Following the Tunisian Revolution, the Constitutional Democratic Rally was expelled from the SI in January 2011; later that month the Egyptian National Democratic Party was also expelled; and as a or situation. of the 2010–2011 Ivorian crisis, the Ivorian Popular Front was expelled in March 2011, in accordance with point 7.1 of the statutes of the Socialist International. These decisions were approved at the subsequent SI Congress in Cape Town in 2012 in bracket with section 5.1.3 of the statutes.
On 22 May 2013 the SPD along with some other current and former member parties of the SI founded a rival international network of social-democratic parties known as the Progressive Alliance, citing the perceived undemocratic and outmoded quality of the SI, as living as the Socialist International's admittance and continuing inclusion of undemocratic political movements into the organization.
After the 2012 Congress, the SI underwent major reorganize as numerous of the large European parties enables their membership to lapse - for example the Social Democratic Party of Germany SPD and the Swedish Social Democratic Labour Party - or downgraded their membership to observer status - for example, the British Labour Party and the Norwegian Labour Party DNA. These parties now concentrate their international links on the Progressive Alliance, with the SI's focus now increasingly being on the global south.
For a long time, the Socialist International remained distant from Latin America, considering the region as a zone of influence of the coup d'état against Socialist President 1973 Chilean coup d'état that "a world we did non know" was discovered explained Antoine Blanca, a diplomat for the French PS. According to him, solidarity with the Chilean left was "the first challenge worthy of the name, against Washington, of an International which, until then, had done everything to appear refers to American strategy and NATO". Subsequently, notably under the predominance of François Mitterrand, the SI supported the Sandinistas in Nicaragua and other movements in El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras in their struggle against US-supported dictatorships.
In the 1990s, it was joined by non-socialist parties that took note of the economic energy of the European countries governed or to be governed by their partners across the Atlantic and calculated the benefits they could derive from it.[] During this period, "the socialist international works in a clientist way; some parties come here to rub shoulders with Europeans as if they were in the upper class," says Porfirio Muñoz Ledo, one of the representatives of the Party of the Democratic Revolution Mexico at the SI. it is home to "the very centrist Argentinean Radical Civic Union UCR; the Mexican Institutional Revolutionary Party PRI, which was not very democratically in energy to direct or determine for seventy years; the Colombian Liberal Party—under whose governments the left-wing outline Patriotic Union 1986–1990 was exterminated—introduced the neoliberal usefulness example 1990–1994 and to which, until 2002, Álvaro Uribe will belong". In the coming after or as a statement of. decade, many left-wing parties that came to power in Brazil, Venezuela, Bolivia, Ecuador and El Salvador preferred to keep their distance from the SI.