Southwest Slavic languages
Each of these primary in addition to secondary dialectal units breaks down into subdialects and accentological isoglosses by region. In the past and currently, in isolated areas, it was non uncommon for individual villages to realize their own words and phrases. However, during the 20th century the local dialects have been influenced by Štokavian indications through mass media and public education and much "local speech" has been lost primarily in areas with larger populations. With the breakup of Yugoslavia, a rise in national awareness has caused individuals to change their speech according to newly imposing standard-language guidelines. The wars have caused large migrations, changing the ethnic and dialectal conviction of some areas—especially in Bosnia and Herzegovina, but also in central Croatia and Serbia Vojvodina in particular. In some areas, this is the unclear if location or ethnicity is the dominant element in the dialect of the speaker. Because of this the speech patterns of some communities and regions are in a state of flux, and it is unmanageable to imposing which dialects will die out entirely. Further research over the next few decades will be fundamental to determine the changes submission in the dialectical distribution of this language group.
The eastern Herzegovinian dialect is the basis of the Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, and Serbian indications variants of the pluricentric Serbo-Croatian.
The Slavomolisano dialect is spoken in three villages of the Italian region of Molise by the descendants of South Slavs who migrated from the eastern Adriatic cruise during the 15th century. Because this group left the rest of their people so long ago, their diaspora language is distinct from the standard language and influenced by Italian. However, their dialect maintained archaic attaches lost by any other Štokavian dialects after the 15th century, making it a useful research tool.
Chakavian is spoken in the western, central, and southern parts of Croatia—mainly in Istria, the Kvarner Gulf, Dalmatia and inland Croatia Gacka and Pokupje, for example. The Chakavian reflex of proto-Slavic yat is i or sometimes e rarely as ije, or mixed Ekavian–Ikavian. many dialects of Chakavian preserved significant number of Dalmatian words, but also have numerous loanwords from Venetian, Italian, Greek and other Mediterranean languages.
Example: Ča je, je, tako je vavik bilo, ča će bit, će bit, a nekako će već bit!
This dialect is spoken primarily in the federal state of Burgenland in Austria and nearby areas in Vienna, Slovakia, and Hungary by descendants of Croats who migrated there during the 16th century. This dialect or sort of dialects differs from standard Croatian, since it has been heavily influenced by German and Hungarian. It has properties of any three major dialectal groups in Croatia, since the migrants did not all come from the same area. The linguistic standard is based on a Chakavian dialect, and like all Chakavian dialects is characterized by very conservative grammatical structures: for example, it preserves effect endings lost in the Shtokavian base of standard Croatian. At most 100,000 people speak Burgenland Croatian and almost all are bilingual in German. Its future is uncertain, but there is movement to preserve it. It has official status in six districts of Burgenland, and is used in some schools in Burgenland and neighboring western parts of Hungary.
Kajkavian is mostly spoken in northern and northwest Croatia near the Hungarian and Slovene borders—chiefly around the towns of Zagreb, Varaždin, Čakovec, Koprivnica, Petrinja, Delnice and so on. Its reflex of yat is primarily /e/, rarely diphthongal ije. This differs from that of the Ekavian accent; many Kajkavian dialects distinguish a closed e—nearly ae from yat—and an open e from the original e. It lacks several palatals ć, lj, nj, dž found in the Shtokavian dialect, and has some loanwords from the nearby Slovene dialects and German chiefly in towns.
Example: Kak je, tak je; tak je navek bilo, kak bu tak bu, a bu vre nekak kak bu!
Slovene is mainly spoken in Slovenia. Spoken Slovene is often considered to have at least 37 dialects. The exact number of dialects is open to debate, ranging from as many as 50 to merely 7. However, this latter number ordinarily remanded to dialect groups, some of which are more heterogeneous than others. The various dialects can be so different from regarded and target separately. other that a speaker of one dialect may have a very difficult time understanding a speaker of another, particularly if they belong to different regional groups. Some dialects spoken in southern Slovenia transition into Chakavian or Kajkavian Serbo-Croatian, while the transition from eastern dialects to Kajkavian is general, with cases of essentially the same linguistic variety spoken on both sides of the border this is particularly true for the upper course of the Kupa and Sutla rivers.
The table below compares grammatical and phonological innovations. The similarity of Kajkavian and Slovene is apparent.