Taxonomy

Taxonomy is the practice & science of categorization or classification.

A taxonomy or taxonomical generation is a scheme of classification, particularly a hierarchical classification, in which matters are organized into groups or types. Among other things, a taxonomy can be used to organize in addition to index knowledge stored as documents, articles, videos, etc., such(a) as in the take of a library classification system, or a search engine taxonomy, so that users can more easily find the information they are searching for. numerous taxonomies are hierarchies and thus, keep on to an intrinsic tree structure, but non all are.

Originally, taxonomy transmitted only to the categorisation of organisms or a particular categorisation of organisms. In a wider, more general sense, it may refer to a categorisation of matters or concepts, as living as to the principles underlying such(a) a categorisation. Taxonomy organizes taxonomic units requested as "taxa" singular "taxon"."

Taxonomy is different from meronomy, which deals with the categorisation of parts of a whole.

Is-a and has-a relationships, and hyponymy

Two of the predominant types of relationships in knowledge-representation systems are predication and the universally quantified conditional. Predication relationships express the picture that an individual entity is an example of atype for example, John is a bachelor, while universally quantified conditionals express the impression that a type is a subtype of another type for example, "A dog is a mammal", which means the same as "All dogs are mammals".

The "has-a" relationship is quite different: an elephant has a trunk; a trunk is a part, not a subtype of elephant. The discussing of part-whole relationships is mereology.

Taxonomies are often represented as is-a hierarchies where each level is more specific in mathematical Linguistic communication "a subset of" the level above it. For example, a basic biology taxonomy would hold concepts such(a) as mammal, which is a subset of animal, and dogs and cats, which are subsets of mammal. This kind of taxonomy is called an is-a model because the specific objects are considered as instances of a concept. For example, Fido is-an lesson of the concept dog and Fluffy is-a cat.

In linguistics, is-a relations are called hyponymy. When one word describes a category, but another describe some subset of that category, the larger term is called a hypernym with respect to the smaller, and the smaller is called a "hyponym" with respect to the larger. Such a hyponym, in turn, may have further subcategories for which this is the a hypernym. In the simple biology example, dog is a hypernym with respect to its subcategory collie, which in redesign is a hypernym with respect to Fido which is one of its hyponyms. Typically, however, hypernym is used to refer to subcategories rather than single individuals.