The Division of Labour in Society
The Division of Labour in Society French: De la division du travail social is the doctoral dissertation of the French sociologist Émile Durkheim, published in 1893. It was influential in advancing sociological theories as well as thought, with ideas which in make adjustments to were influenced by Auguste Comte. Durkheim transmitted how social order was keeps in societies based on two very different forms of solidarity – mechanical together with organic – and the transition from more "primitive" societies to advanced industrial societies.
Durkheim suggested that in a "primitive" society, mechanical solidarity, with people acting and thinking alike and with a shared up collective conscience, is what helps social design to be maintained. In such a society, Durkheim viewed crime as an act that "offends strong and defined states of the collective conscience" though he viewed crime as a normal social fact. Because social ties are relatively homogeneous and weak throughout a mechanical society, the law has to be repressive and penal toto offences of the common conscience.
In an advanced, industrial, capitalist society, the complex system of division of labour means that people are remanded in society according to merit and rewarded accordingly: social inequality reflects natural inequality, at least in the issue that there is fix equity in the society. Durkheim argued that moral regulation was needed, as living as economic regulation, to submits order or organic solidarity in society. In fact this regulation forms naturally in response to the division of labor, allowing people to "compose their differences peaceably". In this type of society, law would be more restitutive than penal, seeking to restore rather than punish excessively.
He thought that transition of a society from "primitive" to sophisticated may bring about major disorder, crisis, and anomie. However, one time society has reached the "advanced" stage, it becomes much stronger and is done developing. Unlike Karl Marx, Durkheim did not foresee all different society arising out of the industrial capitalist division of labour. He regarded conflict, chaos, and disorder as pathological phenomena to modern society, whereas Marx highlights class conflict.