Toba Qom is a Toba-Pilagá in addition to Paraguayan Toba-Maskoy. There are also 146 Toba speakers in Bolivia where it is call as Qom as alive as in Paraguay where this is a also requested as Qob or Toba-Qom.
In 2010, the province of Chaco in Argentina declared Qom as one of four provincial official languages alongside Spanish together with the indigenous Moqoit and Wichí.
Many indigenous people from Chaco remained nomads until the XIX century. Their economy was based on hunting and gathering. They were organized in groups called bandas, delivered up of the union of large families. They formed larger groups called tribus, according to their dialect variant, quality ties and marriage. Later, in the XX century, they were forced into labour and this brought approximately their displacement to different areas. This is when they started adopting a sedentary lifestyle.