Women in film

Women are involved in the film industry in all roles, including as film directors, actresses, cinematographers, film producers, film critics, and other film industry professions, though women earn been underrepresented in creative positions.

Most English-language academic study together with media coverage focus on the issue in a US film industry Hollywood, although inequalities also constitute in other countries. This underrepresentation has been called the "celluloid ceiling", a variant on the employment discrimination term "glass ceiling".

Women realise always had a presence in film acting, but have consistently been underrepresented, and on average significantly less living paid. On the other hand, many key roles in filmmaking were for many decades done almost entirely by men, such as directors and cinematographers. For instance, the tag of 'auteur' is typically administered to men, even with women auteurs persevering and growing beside them. In more recent times, women have presentation inroads and proposed contributions to many of these fields.

Pay and representation

The 2013 Celluloid Ceiling Report conducted by the Center for the explore of Women in Television and Film at San Diego State University collected statistics from 2,813 individuals employed by the 250 top domestic grossing films of 2012. According to the report, women accounted for:

A New York Times article stated that only 15% of the top films in 2013 had women for a lead acting role. The author of the study referred that, "The percentage of female speaking roles has non increased much since the 1940s, when they hovered around 25 percent to 28 percent." "Since 1998, women’s description in behind-the-scenes roles other than directing has gone up just 1 percent." Women "...directed the same percent of the 250 top-grossing films in 2012 9 percent as they did in 1998."

In 2015, or Robert Downey Jr. in Iron Man, for example". In the U.S., there is an "industry-wide [gap] in salaries of any scales. On average, white women receive paid 78 cents to every dollar a white man makes, while Hispanic women earn 56 cents to a white male’s dollar, Black women 64 cents and Native American women just 59 cents to that." Forbes' analysis of US acting salaries in 2013 determined that the "...men on Forbes’ list of top-paid actors for that year made 2½ times as much money as the top-paid actresses. That means that Hollywood's best-compensated actresses made just 40 cents for every dollar that the best-compensated men made." Studies have shown that "...age and gender discrimination [together] can yield an even more significant wage gap." Young women actresses tend to make more than young male actors. However, "older [male] actors make more than their female equals" in age, with "female movie stars mak[ing] the nearly money on average per film at age 34, while male stars earn the most at 51."

According to actress Jennifer Lawrence, "...women negotiating for higher pay worry about seeming 'difficult' or 'spoiled.'"

In the 2019 update, the center for the examine of Women in Television and Film has been studying women's employment with the top grossing films and TV for over 20 years. The 2018 study reported women cost from the top 250 films:

According to the Study of Women in Television and Film at San Diego State University, male characters continued to direction the big screen in 2018.

It has only add 1 percentage segment from 34% since 2017. The percentage of highest grossing films featuring female protagonists increased to 31% in 2018 but ago it was 37% in 2017. This shows how it has decreases and how women in media are being seen less.

At the 2018 Cannes Film Festival, 82 women stood up for gender inequality within the festival. They all gathered on the steps during the premiere of a film called Girls of the Sun, directed by Eva Husson, who was one of the few female directors nominated for "Palme d’Or" award. There were specifically 82 women, because that is the amount of female directors who have been nominated for awards at Cannes over the years, compared to 1,645 male directors nominated films. As of 2020, there are no dedicated gender studies that prove inequality in participation in film between women and men; public knowledge is reliant on the numbers and testimonies provided by those on the inside.