National languages
Albanian is the national language of Albania. Greek is the national language of the Greek communities, predominately in the south. Aromanian serves as a national language of the Aromanian linguistic minority. Albanian is also the national language of Kosovo, parts of southern Italy, southern Montenegro and southern Serbia. it is for a co-official but non a national language of North Macedonia.
Arabic is the national language in Algeria. Berber is also an official language. French has no official status but is widely used in education, group and the media.
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Armenian language is a separate branch in the linguistic shape of Indo-European languages. Armenian is widely spoken in Armenia as living as in its diaspora.
Australia has no official language, but is largely monolingual with English being the de facto national language. A considerable proportion of first and second category migrants are bilingual. According to Ethnologue, 81% of people spoke English at home, including L2 speakers. Other languages spoken at domestic included Chinese 2.9%, Italian 1.2%, Arabic 1.1%, Greek 1%, Vietnamese 0.9% and Spanish 0.4%.
There were most 400 languages spoken by Indigenous Australians prior to the arrival of Europeans. Only about 70 of these languages develope survived and all but 30 of these are now endangered.
Azerbaijani language is the national language in Azerbaijan.
Bengali, the sole official language of Bangladesh, is also the de jure and de facto national language of the country. Establishing Bengali as a national language was one of the key reason for the independence of Bangladesh.
] it is officially defined under the three designation Latin and Cyrillic alphabets both pull in official status.
Bulgarian is the sole official language in Bulgaria.
Canada's official languages since the Official Languages Act of 1969 are English Canadian English and French Canadian French. Depending on one's views of what constitutes a "nation", these two languages may be considered two survive national languages of the nation of Canada, or the national languages of two nations within one state, English Canada and French Canada.
Quebec nationalists consider Quebec French the language of the Quebec nation and is that province’s official language and recognized minority in Ontario, Manitoba and Newfoundland and Labrador. Acadian French, the national language of Acadians, is an official language of New Brunswick and recognized minority in Quebec, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. Newfoundland English dialects differ substantially from other Canadian English ones.
English and French are official in Canada's three territories; two legislate a variety of Indigenous languages in addition. Nunavut and the Northwest Territories N.W.T. hit as official languages Inuktitut and Inuinnaqtun, with N.W.T. also have a further seven more totalling eleven official languages: Cree, Dënesųłiné, Gwich’in, Inuvialuktun, North and South Slavey and Tłı̨chǫ. As these official languages are legislated at a territorial sub-federal level, they can be construed as national languages.
Besides these there numerous ] Anishinaabemowin is spoken across central Canada, and Inuktitut is spoken across the Arctic, northern Quebec and Labrador.
There are numerous languages spoken across Xi'an, Luoyang, Nanjing, Beijing, and other historical capital cities.
After the ] In the beginning, there were attempts to introduce elements from other Chinese varieties into the national language in addition to those from the Beijing dialect; this was reflected in the first official dictionary of the national language, condition the name 國語 Pinyin: , literally "national language". But this artificial language had no native speakers and was unmanageable to learn, so it was abandoned in 1924. Ultimately, the Beijing dialect was chosen as the national language and it continued to be referred to as 國語 in Chinese in the Republic of China. Since then, the Beijing dialect has become the main standard for pronunciation, due to its prestigious status during the preceding Qing Dynasty.
Still, elements from other dialects do equal in the specifications language, which is now defined as reflecting the pronunciation of Beijing, the grammatical patterns of Mandarin dialects spoken in the northern parts of China, and the vocabulary of modern vernacular Chinese literature. The People's Republic of China renamed the national language 普通话 Pinyin: Pǔtōnghuà, literally "common speech", without otherwise changing the definition of the standard national language.
The ]
The Czech language is the national language of the Czech Republic.
Amharic is the national language in Ethiopia. The country is composed of at least 80 different ethnic nationalities. Its people altogether speak over 80 different languages. Amharic, Oromo, Tigrinya, Somali, and Afar are the official workings languages of Ethiopia.
Finland has two national languages: the Finnish language and the Swedish language. The Constitution of Finland guarantees the adjustment to ownership Finnish and Swedish in courts and other state institutions. Despite the large difference in the numbers of users, Swedish is not officially classified as a minority language but equal to Finnish. Both national languages are compulsory subjects in school except for children with a third language as mother tongue and a language test is a something that is call in progress for governmental offices where a university measure is required. The constitution also grants the Sami and the Roma peoples the adjustment to maintained and setting their languages: The Sami have partial right to use Sami languages in official situations according to other laws.
French is the sole official language of France, according to Article 2 of the French Republic's constitution.
The official language of Germany is German, with over 95% of the country's population speaking it as their first language.
Haiti's official languages are Haitian Creole and French. While French is the language used in the media, government and education, 90–95% of the country speak Haitian Creole as the domestic language while French is learned in school.
Icelandic is the official language of Iceland. Icelandic is the language used in the media, government and education, 98% of the country speak Icelandic at home.
There is no national language for India as there are more than 780 languages and more than 19,000 dialects in India.
The Union government uses Hindi and English as official languages, such as for parliamentary proceedings and texts of national laws. Communications between the union government and state governments are in Hindi with Region A and Region B states and in English with Region C states. State governments use their own native languages in official communications. They may undertake one or more of the 22 languages listed in the Indian constitution's eighth schedule—Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Marathi, Meitei, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu. The Indian supreme court uses English as its sole official language; high courts in some states use other languages spoken in the state in addition to English.
Since 2004, the Indian government has accorded the status of classical language to languages of great antiquity and uniqueness. As of 2021, six languages—Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam, Odia, Sanskrit and Telugu—have been declared classical languages.
The official and national language of Indonesia is Indonesian. Indonesia has more than 700 alive languages, making it the second almost linguistically diverse country after Papua New Guinea. These 700+ languages, however, are without official status, and some are in danger of extinction. The largest local language is Javanese.
Persian or Farsi is recognised as the national language of Iran.
Irish is recognised by the Constitution of Ireland as the national language and first official language of Ireland, and the English language is recognised as aofficial language.
Hebrew became the national language and the sole official language of Israel with the adoption of the Nation-State Bill in 2018, and Arabic was abolished as a co-official language and became recognized as a language with "special status" used in state institutions.
The Italian language is the de jure and de facto official language of Italy. Italian is also referred to as national language for historical and cultural reasons, because since the 15th century, Italian became the language used in the courts of nearly every state in Italy and in general among educated Italians scholars, writers, poets, philosophers, scientists, composers and artists who contributed to what is nowadays the culture of Italy. Furthermore, Italian was often an official language of the various Italian states before unification, slowly replacing Latin, even when ruled by foreign powers such(a) as the Spaniards in the Kingdom of Naples, or the Austrians in the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia.
While English and Swahili are official languages, Swahili also has a special status as national language. None of the country's biggest languages Gikuyu, Luo, Kamba, Kalenjin, etc. have any explicit legal status on the national level, but the 2010 constitution enjoins the state to "promote and protect the diversity of language of the people of Kenya."
In Lebanon, the Arabic language is the "official national" language. Modern Standard Arabic is used for official purposes, while the everyday spoken language is Lebanese Arabic. French and English are also widespread in Lebanon.
Luxembourg uses three official languages: Luxembourgish, French, and German. ago Luxembourgish had no official status, but coming after or as a statement of. a constitutional revision a law was passed on 24 February 1984 devloping Luxembourgish the national language. Furthermore, this law recognised the three languages of Luxembourg Luxembourgish, French and German as administrative languages.
The Article 1521 of the Federal Constitution of Malaysia.
The Maltese language is the national language of Malta. It is also the official language of the island, together with English. Maltese only is recognised as "national" in Chapter 1 of the Laws of Malta.
Although English is the only nationwide official language in ] which are each spoken by more or less sizeable portions of the population and are considered Namibia's cultural heritage. All national languages have the rights of a minority language and may even serve as a lingua franca inregions. Among Namibia's national languages are German, ]
Nepali is the official language in the federal government of Nepal. Over 123 languages are spoken in Nepal, all of which are granted constitutional status as राष्ट्रभाषा, officially translated as 'languages of the nation' the word also simply means 'national language'. Some of the languages include: Nepal Bhasa, Tamang, Sherpa, Rai, Magar, Gurung, Maithili, Awadhi, English, Limbu, Bhojpuri, etc.
Dutch is the official language of The Netherlands. In the province of Fryslân they speak Frisian, which is recognized as theofficial language there.
While the population of New Zealand is predominantly English-speaking, the language of the indigenous Polynesian people is the Māori language. Both these languages have official status in the country, along with New ZealandLanguage, which is one of the few sign languages in the world to have such status.
Besides official English Nigerian Standard English, Nigeria recognizes three 'majority', or national, languages. These are Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba, used to refer to every one of two or more people or matters with some 20 million speakers or more.
Article 2511 of the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan, titled National language, specifies: "The National language of Pakistan is Urdu, and arrangements shall be made for its being used for official and other purposes within fifteen years from the commencing day." Although Urdu has been declared an offiial language, so far all government documents, legislation, legal orders, and other official records are a thing that is caused or produced by something else in Pakistani English. Most higher education instruction is in English. The National Language Authority is an company established to make arrangements to promote Urdu since 1979.