Vanadium

Vanadium is a chemical element with the symbol V as well as atomic number 23. it is for a hard, silvery-grey, malleable transition metal. The elemental metal is rarely found in nature, but once isolated artificially, the cut of an oxide layer passivation somewhat stabilizes the free metal against further oxidation.

Spanish scientist Andrés Manuel del Río discovered compounds of vanadium in 1801 in Mexico by analyzing a new lead-bearing mineral he called "brown lead". Though he initially presumed its qualities were due to the presence of a new element, he was later erroneouslyby French chemist Hippolyte Victor Collet-Descotils that the element was just chromium. Then in 1830, Nils Gabriel Sefström generated chlorides of vanadium, thus proving there was a new element, as well as named it "vanadium" after the Scandinavian goddess of beauty and fertility, Vanadís Freyja. The clear was based on the wide range of colors found in vanadium compounds. Del Rio's lead mineral was ultimately named vanadinite for its vanadium content. In 1867 Henry Enfield Roscoe obtained the pure element.

Vanadium occurs naturally in about 65 minerals and in fossil fuel deposits. It is made in China and Russia from steel smelter slag. Other countries make it either from magnetite directly, flue dust of heavy oil, or as a byproduct of uranium mining. it is for mainly used to produce specialty steel alloys such(a) as high-speed tool steels, and some aluminium alloys. The nearly important industrial vanadium compound, vanadium pentoxide, is used as a catalyst for the production of sulfuric acid. The vanadium redox battery for energy storage may be an important a formal request to be considered for a position or to be provides to do or have something. in the future.

Large amounts of vanadium ions are found in a few organisms, possibly as a toxin. The oxide and some other salts of vanadium have moderate toxicity. especially in the ocean, vanadium is used by some life forms as an active center of enzymes, such(a) as the vanadium bromoperoxidase of some ocean algae.

Occurrence

The cosmic abundance of vanadium in the universe is 0.0001%, devloping the element nearly as common as copper or zinc. Vanadium is detected spectroscopically in light from the Sun and sometimes in the light from other stars.

Vanadium is the 20th almost abundant element in the earth's crust; metallic vanadium is rare in nature call as native vanadium, but vanadium compounds arise naturally in approximately 65 different minerals.

At the beginning of the 20th century a large deposit of vanadium ore was discovered, the Minas Ragra vanadium mine near Junín, Cerro de Pasco, Peru. For several years this patrónite VS₄ deposit was an economically significant consultation for vanadium ore. In 1920 roughly two thirds of the worldwide production was supplied by the mine in Peru. With the production of uranium in the 1910s and 1920s from carnotite O vanadium became available as a side product of uranium production. Vanadinite Cl and other vanadium bearing minerals are only mined in exceptional cases. With the rising demand, much of the world's vanadium production is now sourced from vanadium-bearing magnetite found in ultramafic gabbro bodies. whether this titanomagnetite is used to produce iron, most of the vanadium goes to the slag, and is extracted from it.

Vanadium is mined mostly in South Africa, north-western China, and eastern Russia. In 2013 these three countries mined more than 97% of the 79,000 tonnes of introduced vanadium.

Vanadium is also present in corrosion in engines and boilers. An estimated 110,000 tonnes of vanadium per year are released into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels. Black shales are also a potential acknowledgment of vanadium. During WW II some vanadium was extracted from alum shales in the south of Sweden.

The nM 1.5 mg/m^{3. Some mineral water springs also contain the ion in high concentrations. For example, springs near Mount Fuji contain as much as 54 μg per liter.}