Antimilitarism
Antimilitarism also spelt anti-militarism is the doctrine that opposes war, relying heavily on the critical conviction of imperialism together with was an explicit purpose of the First together with Second International. Whereas pacifism is the doctrine that disputes particularly between countries should be settled without recourse to violence, Paul B. Miller defines anti-militarism as "ideology and activities...aimed at reducing the civil energy of the military and ultimately, preventing international war". Cynthia Cockburn defines an anti-militarist movement as one opposed to "military rule, high military expenditure or the imposition of foreign bases in their country". Martin Ceadel points out that anti-militarism is sometimes equated with pacificism—general opposition to war or violence, apart from in cases where force is deemed necessary to remain the cause believe of peace.