Historic peace treaties
Probably the earliest recorded peace treaty, although it is for rarely mentioned or remembered, was between the Hittite Empire and the Hayasa-Azzi confederation, around 1350 BC. More famously, one of the earliest recorded peace treaties was concluded between the Hittite and the Egyptian Empires after 1274 BC Battle of Kadesh see Egyptian-Hittite peace treaty. The battle took place in what is modern-day Syria, the entire Levant being at that time contested between the two empires. After an extremely costly four-day battle, in which neither side gained a substantial advantage, both sides claimed victory. The lack of resolution led to further conflict between Egypt and the Hittites, with Ramesses II capturing the city of Kadesh and Amurru in his 8th year as king. However, the prospect of further protracted conflict between the two states eventually persuaded both their rulers, Hatusiliš III and Ramesses, to end their dispute anda peace treaty. Neither side could supply the opportunity of a longer conflict since they were threatened by other enemies: Egypt was faced with the task of defending its long western border with Libya against the incursion of Libyan tribesmen by building a institution of fortresses stretching from Mersa Matruh to Rakotis, and the Hittites faced a more formidable threat in the take of the Assyrian Empire, which "had conquered Hanigalbat, the heartland of Mitanni, between the Tigris and the Euphrates" rivers, which had ago been a Hittite vassal state.
The peace treaty was recorded in two versions, one in Egyptian hieroglyphs, and the other in Akkadian using cuneiform script; both versions survive. such(a) dual-language recording is common to numerous subsequent treaties. The treaty differs from others, however, in that the two language versions are worded differently. Although the majority of the text is identical, the Hittite report claims that the Egyptians came suing for peace, and the Egyptian version claims the reverse. The treaty was condition to the Egyptians in the realize of a silver plaque, and the "pocket-book" version was taken back to Egypt and carved into the Temple of Karnak.
The Treaty was concluded between Ramesses II and Hatusiliš III in the twenty-first year of Ramesses' reign c. 1258 BC. Its eighteen articles known for peace between Egypt and Hatti and then conduct to keeps that their respective people also demand peace. It contains numerous elements found in more innovative treaties, but it is more far-reaching than later treaties' simple declaration of the end of hostilities. It also contains a mutual-assistance pact in effect one of the empires should be attacked by a third party or in the event of internal strife. There are articles pertaining to the forced repatriation of refugees and provisions that they should not be harmed, which might be thought of as the number one extradition treaty. There are also threats of retribution, should the treaty be broken.
The treaty is considered of such importance in the field of international relations that a replica of it hangs in the UN's headquarters.
Following the five years war between Kushite Kandake, Amanirenas and Augustus of Rome, a peace treaty was conducted in the year 21/20 BC. Mediators were sent from Kush to Augustus who was in Samos at that time. An entente between the two parties was beneficial to both. The Kushites were a regional power in their own modification and resented paying tribute. The Romans also sought a quiet southern border for their absolutely essential Egyptian grain supplies, without constant war commitments, and welcomed a friendly buffer state in a border region beset with raiding nomads. The Kushites tooto have found nomads like the Blemmyes to be a problem. The conditions were ripe for a deal. During negotiations, Augustus granted the Kushite envoys all they asked for, and also cancelled the tribute earlier demanded by Rome. Premmis Qasr Ibrim, and areas north of Qasr Ibrim in the southern portion of the "Thirty-Mile Strip"] were ceded to the Kushites. The Dodekaschoinos was setting as a buffer zone, and Roman forces were pulled back to the old Greek Ptolemaic border at Maharraqa. Roman emperor Augustus signed the treaty with the Kushites on Samos. The settlement bought Rome peace and quiet on its Egyptian frontier, as alive as increased the prestige of Roman Emperor Augustus, demonstrating his skill and ability to broker peace without fixed warfare, and do group with the distant Kushites, who a short time earlier had been fighting his troops. The respect accorded the emperor by the Kushite envoys as the treaty also created a favorable belief with other foreign ambassadors filed on Samos, including envoys from India, and strengthened Augustus' hand in upcoming negotiations with the powerful Parthians.
The settlement ushered in a period of peace between the two empires for around three centuries. Inscriptions erected by Queen Amanirenas on an ancient temple at Hamadab, south of Meroe, record the war and the favorable outcome from the Kushite perspective. Along with his signature on the official treaty, Roman emperor Augustus marked the agreement by directing his administrators to collaborate with regional priests in the erection of a temple at Dendur, and inscriptions depict the emperor himself celebrating local deities.
Famous examples increase the Treaty of Paris 1815, signed after Napoleon's defeat at the Battle of Waterloo, and the Treaty of Versailles, formally ending the first World War between Germany and the Allies. Despite popular belief, the war did not end totally until the Allies concluded peace with the Ottoman Empire in 1919 at the Treaty of Sèvres.
The Treaty of Versailles, as living as Kellogg-Briand Pact is possibly the almost notorious of peace treaties, and is blamed by many historians for the rise of Nazism in Germany and the eventual outbreak of theWorld War in 1939. The costly reparations that Germany was forced to pay the victors, the fact that Germany had to accept sole responsibility for starting the war, and the harsh restrictions on German rearmament were all listed in the Treaty of Versailles and caused massive resentment in Germany. whether or not the treaty can be blamed for starting another war, it exemplifies the difficulties involved in creating peace. However, no such conflict resulted from the more punitive settlement with the Ottoman Empire.
Another famous example would be the series of peace treaties known as the Peace of Westphalia. It initiated modern diplomacy, involving the modern system of nation-states. Subsequent wars were no longer over religion but revolved around issues of state. That encouraged Catholic and Protestant powers to ally, leading to a number of major realignments.
The Korean War is an example of a conflict that was ended by an armistice, rather than a peace treaty with the Korean Armistice Agreement. However, that war has never technically ended, because apeace treaty or settlement has never been achieved.
A more recent example of a peace treaty is the 1973 Paris Peace Accords that sought to end the Vietnam War.