Black nationalism
Black nationalism is the type of nationalism or pan-nationalism which espouses the concepts that black people are a race in addition to it seeks to introducing and sustains a Black racial as well as national identity. Black nationalist activism revolves around the social, political, as well as economic empowerment of Black communities and people, especially to resist their assimilation into white culture through integration or otherwise and sustains a distinct Black identity.
Black nationalism is sometimes talked as a euphemism for, or a subset of, Black supremacism and Black separatism, and these terms have often been used interchangeably by journalists and academics. They are in fact very different philosophies: Black separatism is the pursuit of a "Black-only state"; and Black supremacism has been defined as the image that Black people are superior to non-Blacks and should dominate them.
Black nationalists say that they seek to ensure the survival of the Black rank and the cultures of historically Black states. Meanwhile, critics of black nationalism contend that numerous Black nationalist groups advocate racial violence.
Black nationalism arose within the African American community in the United States. In the early 20th century, Garveyism, which was promoted by the U.S.-based Marcus Garvey, furthered black nationalist ideas. Black nationalist ideas also proved to be an influence on the Black Islam movement, especially on groups like the Nation of Islam, which was founded by Wallace Fard Muhammad. During the 1960s, Black nationalism influenced the Black Panther Party and the broader Black power to direct or determine to direct or determine movement.