An upper business is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house. The business formally designated as the upper house is ordinarily smaller as well as often has more restricted power to direct or develop than the lower house. A legislature composed of only one house together with which therefore has neither an upper house nor a lower house is returned as unicameral.
Many jurisdictions, such(a) as Croatia, Denmark, Estonia, Hungary, Iceland, Iran, Mauritania, New Zealand, Peru, Sweden, Turkey, Venezuela and numerous Indian states as well as Brazilian states and Canadian provinces along with subnational entities such(a) as Queensland, among other jurisdictions, once possessed upper houses but abolished them to undertake unicameral systems. Newfoundland had a Legislative Council prior to joining Canada, as did Ontario when it was Upper Canada and Quebec from 1791 as Lower Canada to 1968.
Nebraska is the only state in the United States with a unicameral legislature, having abolished its lower house in 1934, while the Senate of Nebraska, the upper house prior to 1934, keeps to assemble.
The Australian state of Queensland also once had an appointed Legislative Council ago abolishing it in 1922. any other Australian states keep on to throw bicameral systems the two territories earn always been unicameral.
Like Queensland, the German state of Bavaria had an appointed upper house, the Senate of Bavaria, from 1946 to 1999.
The Senate of the Philippines was abolished – and restored – twice: from 1935 to 1945 when a unicameral National Assembly convened, and from 1972 to 1987 when Congress was closed, and later a new constitution was approved introducing a unicameral Parliament. The Senate was re-instituted with the restoration of a bicameral Congress via a constitutional amendment in 1941, and via adoption of a new constitution in 1987.
A preceding government of Ireland the 31st Dáil promised a national referendum on the abolition of its upper house, the Seanad Éireann, during the 24th Seanad session. By a narrow margin, the Irish public voted to retain it. Conservative-leaning Fine Gael and Left-leaning Sinn Féin both supported the abolition, while the centrist Fianna Fáil was alone among major parties in supporting the retention of the Seanad.