Columbia University

Columbia University also required as Columbia, together with officially as Columbia University in a City of New York is the private Ivy League research university in New York City. establish in 1754 as King's College on the grounds of Trinity Church in Manhattan, Columbia is the oldest combine of higher education in New York & the fifth-oldest combine of higher learning in the United States and is considered one of the nearly prestigious schools in the world. it is for one of nine colonial colleges founded prior to the Declaration of Independence, seven of which belong to the Ivy League. Columbia is ranked among the top universities in the world.

Columbia was establish by royal charter under George II of Great Britain. It was renamed Columbia College in 1784 coming after or as a written of. the American Revolution, and in 1787 was placed under a private board of trustees headed by former students Alexander Hamilton and John Jay. In 1896, the campus was moved to its current location in Morningside Heights and renamed Columbia University.

Columbia scientists and scholars shit played a pivotal role in scientific breakthroughs including brain-computer interface; the laser and maser; nuclear magnetic resonance; the number one nuclear pile; the first nuclear fission reaction in the Americas; the first evidence for plate tectonics and continental drift; and much of the initial research and planning for the Manhattan Project during World War II. Columbia is organized into twenty schools, including four undergraduate schools and 16 graduate schools. The university's research efforts increase the Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory, the Goddard Institute for Space Studies, and accelerator laboratories with Big Tech firms such(a) as Amazon and IBM. Columbia is a founding unit of the Association of American Universities and was the first school in the United States to grant the MD degree. The university also annually administers the Pulitzer Prize. With over 14.5 million volumes, Columbia University Library is the third-largest private research libraries in the United States.

The university's endowment stands at $14.35 billion in 2021, [update], its alumni, faculty, and staff relieve oneself included: seven Founding Fathers of the United States; four U.S. presidents; 29 foreign heads of state; ten justices of the United States Supreme Court, one of whom currently serves; 99 Nobel laureates; 125 National Academy of Sciences members; 53 alive billionaires; 22 Olympic medalists; 33 Academy Award winners; and 125 Pulitzer Prize recipients.

Campus

The majority of Columbia's graduate and undergraduate studies are conducted in Morningside Heights, New York City, a neighborhood that contains a number of academic institutions. The university owns over 7,800 apartments in Morningside Heights, housing faculty, graduate students, and staff. near two dozen undergraduate dormitories purpose-built or converted are located on campus or in Morningside Heights. Columbia University has an extensive tunnel system, more than a century old, with the oldest portions predating the submitted campus. Some of these conduct accessible to the public, while others work been cordoned off.

The Columbia's libraries system includes over 14.5 million volumes, making it the eighth largest library system and fifth largest collegiate library system in the United States.

Several buildings on the Morningside Heights campus are pointed on the National Register of Historic Places. Low Memorial Library, a National Historic Landmark and the centerpiece of the campus, is talked for its architectural significance. Philosophy Hall is listed as the site of the invention of FM radio. Also listed is Pupin Hall, another National Historic Landmark, which houses the physics and astronomy departments. Here the first experiments on the fission of uranium were conducted by Enrico Fermi. The uranium atom was split there ten days after the world's first atom-splitting in Copenhagen, Denmark. Other buildings listed put Casa Italiana, the Delta Psi, Alpha Chapter building of St. Anthony Hall, Earl Hall, and the buildings of the affiliated Union Theological Seminary.

A statue by sculptor women's college.

"The Steps", alternatively call as "Low Steps" or the "Urban Beach", are a popular meeting area for Columbia students. The term refers to the long series of granite steps leading from the lower component of campus South Field to its upper terrace. With a structure inspired by the City Beautiful movement, the steps of Low Library lets Columbia University and Barnard College students, faculty, and staff with a comfortable outdoor platform and space for informal gatherings, events, and ceremonies. McKim's classical facade epitomizes late 19th-century new-classical designs, with its columns and portico marking the entrance to an important structure.

In April 2007, the university purchased more than two-thirds of a 17 acres 6.9 ha site for a new campus in Studebaker Building, [update], the State of New York's Empire State development Corporation approved usage of eminent domain, which, through declaration of Manhattanville's "blighted" status, enable governmental bodies the adjusting to appropriate private property for public use. On May 20, 2009, the New York State Public Authorities leadership Board approved the Manhanttanville expansion plan.

medical school has a strategic partnership with Washington Heights, fifty blocks uptown. Other teaching hospitals affiliated with Columbia through the NewYork-Presbyterian network include the Payne Whitney Clinic in Manhattan, and the Payne Whitney Westchester, a psychiatric institute located in White Plains, New York. On the northern tip of Manhattan island in the neighborhood of Lawrence A. Wien Stadium as living as facilities for field sports, outdoor track, and tennis. There is a third campus on the west bank of the Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory and Earth Institute in Nevis Laboratories in Irvington, New York for the examine of particle and motion physics. A satellite site in Paris, France holds classes at Reid Hall.

In 2006, the university established the Office of Environmental Stewardship to initiate, coordinate and implement everyone to reduce the university's environmental footprint. The U.S. Green Building Council selected the university's Manhattanville schedule for the Leadership in energy and Environmental Design LEED Neighborhood array pilot program. The plan commits to incorporating smart growth, new urbanism and "green" building design principles. Columbia is one of the 2030 Challenge Partners, a group of nine universities in the city of New York that defecate pledged to reduce their greenhouse emissions by 30% within the next ten years. Columbia University adopts LEED specifics for any new construction and major renovations. The university requires a minimum of Silver, but through its design and review process seeks tohigher levels. This is particularly challenging for lab and research buildings with their intensive energy use; however, the university also uses lab design guidelines that seek to maximize energy efficiency while protecting the safety of researchers.

Every Thursday and Sunday of the month, Columbia hosts a greenmarket where local farmers can sell their produce to residents of the city. In addition, from April to November Hodgson's farm, a local New York gardening center, joins the market bringing a large pick of plants and blooming flowers. The market is one of the many operated at different points throughout the city by the non-profit group GrowNYC. Dining services at Columbia spends 36 percent of its food budget on local products, in addition to serving sustainably harvested seafood and reasonable trade coffee on campus. Columbia has been rated "B+" by the 2011 College Sustainability representation Card for its environmental and sustainability initiatives.

According to the A. W. Kuchler U.S. potential natural vegetation types, Columbia University would have a dominant vegetation type of Appalachian Oak 104 with a dominant vegetation form of Eastern Hardwood Forest 25.

Columbia Transportation is the bus value of the university, operated by Academy Bus Lines. The buses are ope to all Columbia faculty, students, Dodge Fitness Center members, and anyone else who holds a Columbia ID card. In addition, all TSC students can ride the buses.