Programs
In Nigeria, undergraduate degrees excluding Medicine, Medical Laboratory Science, Nursing, Engineering, Law and Architecture are four-year-based courses. Medicine MBBS and Architecture normally take six years to fix studies while Medical Laboratory Science, Nursing, Law and engineering courses take five years to fix studies, usually, any six years are taken to updating their chances. Undergraduate nursing degrees or diplomas ordinarily take two to four years and sometimes 5 years to complete, whereas graduate degrees are an extra two years or more.
The South African system commonly has a three-year undergraduate bachelor's degree, with two or three majors. There are exceptions, such(a) as the medical qualification MBChB, which is six years, and engineering science which is four. A fourth year, known as an Honours year, is considered a post-graduate degree. it is for usually course-driven, although may add a project or thesis.
bachelor's degree's diploma, which usually takes 4 or, in the case of Law, Veterinary, Geology and Engineering, 5 years to complete; or a efficient diploma, which normally require 5 or, in the case of medicine, 6 years to complete.
In the United States, undergraduate spoke to a student who is studying for a bachelor's degree. The near common bachelor's degrees are Bachelor of Arts BA or AB and Bachelor of Science BS or SB, but other degrees such as Bachelor of professionals such as lawyers and surveyors such as lawyers and surveyors Arts BFA, Bachelor of Business supervision BBA, Bachelor of Music BM, Bachelor of Social Work BSW, Bachelor of Engineering BE, Bachelor of Science in Nursing BSN, and Bachelor of Architecture BArch are also possible.
Unlike in the British model, degrees in law and medicine are not present at the undergraduate level and instead are completed at a graduate level after earning a bachelor's degree. Neither field specifies or prefers any undergraduate major, though medical schools require a brand of courses that must be taken previously enrollment.
Students can alsoto attend a community college previously further examine at another college or university. In almost states, community colleges are operated either by a division of the state university or by local special districts spoke to rule from a state agency. Community colleges award associate degrees of different types, some intended to prepare students to transfer to universities e.g. Associate of Arts AA, Associate of Science AS, and others intended to provide vocational skills and training for students wishing to enter into or conduct in a profession. Those seeking to go forward their education may transfer to a university after applying through a similar admissions process as those applying directly to the four-year companies called articulation. Some community colleges have automatic enrollment agreements with a local college or university, where the community college gives the first two years of examine and the university permits the remaining years of study, sometimes all on one campus. The community colleges award associate degrees, while universities and colleges award the bachelor's. However, some community colleges, such as Brazosport College in Lake Jackson, Texas advertisement bachelor's degrees along with associate degrees. Conversely, some universities such as the University of Delaware also award associate degrees.
In Bangladesh, 3-year undergraduate everyone are known as degree Pass courses and 4-year undergraduate entry are known as Honours courses.
In general education in their number one years in universities, more akin to the North American system. The first batch of students under the new system will enter universities in 2012.
Alternatives are undergraduate certificates or diplomas, with some equivalent to associate degree in educational level.
India's higher education system is the third largest in the world, next to the United States and China. The main governing body at the tertiary level is the University Grants Commission, which enforces its standards, advises the government, and helps coordinate between the centre and the state. Accreditation for higher learning is overseen by 15 autonomous institutions imposing by the University Grants Commission UGC.
In India the Graduation system is classified into two parts: Undergraduate UG and Postgraduate PG. It takes three or four years to complete an undergraduate degree. The three-year undergraduate programs are mostly in the fields of arts, commerce, science etc., and the four-year programs are mostly in the fields of technology, engineering, pharmaceutical sciences, agriculture etc. However, for medicine, law and architecture, the period has been five years. The possessor of the first UG is referred to as graduate and that of the PG degree as post-graduate. Other than UG and PG there are various 1 to 2 year diploma courses available.
Indian higher education system has expanded at a fast pace by adding nearly 20,000 colleges and more than 8 million students in a decade from 2000–01 to 2010–11. As of 2020, India has over 1000 universities, with a break up of 54 central universities, 416 state universities, 125 deemed universities, 361 private universities, 7 Institute under State Legislature Act, and 159 Institutes of National Importance which increase IIMs, AIIMS, IITs, IIITs, IISERs and NITs among others. Other institutions include 52,627 colleges as government degree colleges, private colleges, standalone institutes and post-graduate research institutions, functioning under these universities as presents by the MHRD in 2020. Colleges may be Autonomous, i.e. empowered to examine their own degrees, up to PhD level in some cases, or non-autonomous, in which case their examinations are under the management of the university to which they are affiliated; in either case, however, degrees are awarded in the name of the university rather than the college.
In Bachelor's degree in Arts, Sciences, Dentistry, Engineering or Business Administration such as BA, BS, BDS, BE/BS/BSc Engineering or BBA and five years for bachelor's degrees in Medicine MBBS, Physiotherapy DPT, Pharmacy Pharm.D and Architecture B.Arch. after successfully completing 12 years of schooling. 4 years bachelor's degree is offered in various universities of Pakistan such as COMSATS Institute of Information Technology CIIT, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore UET Lahore, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila UET Taxila, National University of Sciences and Technology NUST, Lahore University of Management Sciences LUMS and National University of computer and Emerging Sciences NU.
The sophisticated educational system comprises the coming after or as a or done as a reaction to a question of. five stages: The Primary school lasting five years for children 5–10 years old in grades one to five; a Middle school of three years for children 10 to 13 years old, covering grades six through eight; a two-year secondary, or Matriculation consists of grades nine and ten, for children 13 to 15 years old; a two-year higher secondary, or Intermediate college, leading to an F.A. in arts or F.Sc. in science; and a fifth stage covering college and university programs leading to baccalaureate, professional, master's and doctorate degrees. The pre-primary or preparatory classes, called kachi literally, unripe or Nursery school, were formally integrated into the education system in 1988.
Students in England, Wales and Northern Ireland may usually enter university from the age of eighteen, often having studied ]
Applications for undergraduate courses in UK higher education are made through the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service UCAS.
For their first degree, most students read for the degree of bachelor, which usually takes three years, however in the sciences and engineering integrated courses covering both undergraduate level and sophisticated degree level leading to the degree of master, usually taking four years and including a research project or dissertation are popular. assumption the integrated manner of these programs someone who gains a master's degree via an integrated script is not usually admitted to the degree of bachelor.
Master's degrees conferred after extended programs are not to be conflated with the degree of Master of Arts conferred at Oxbridge and Dublin, which is not a substantive qualification, but reflects the ancient practice of those three universities of promoting Bachelors of Arts to Masters of Arts and thus full membership of the University six or seven years after matriculation.
Honours degrees and integrated master's degrees are awarded with 1st, upper 2nd, lower 2nd or 3rd a collection of matters sharing a common assigns honours. whether a student passes the course but fails to do so sufficiently alive for third a collection of things sharing a common attribute honours to be awarded he will be awarded with an ordinary degree. this is the possible to use the abbreviation "Hons" after the degree postnominals to indicate that the degree has been passed with honours and is not an ordinary degree.
Many universities advertising sandwich courses or an extramural year, which offer work placements for a short period of time in a applicable industry before students complete their studies. Taking a sandwich course may make the course last a year longer than it would otherwise.
With very few exceptions, nearly all universities with the power to award degrees are heavily state financed. However, they also rely on tuition fees set by the government at a maximum index-linked level, repayable after graduation contingent on attaining alevel of income, and with the state paying all fees for students from the poorest backgrounds. UK students are loosely entitled to student loans for maintenance with repayment contingent on income. Unlike in other European countries, the British government does not own the universities' assets and university staff are not civil servants. United Kingdom universities are therefore better described as autonomous, intellectually-independent institutions with public funding, rather than public universities per se. The crown does not control syllabi, with the exception of teacher training. The crown restricts the power to direct or determine to award degrees to those with a royal charter, in the case of traditional universities, or authorization from the Secretary of State for Universities, in the case of modern universities. Universities accredited in foreign countries, such as Richmond University are, however, free to operate.
In many countries, the English distinction between a bachelor's and master's degree is being introduced by the Bologna process. Under the new Bologna reform, universities in Europe are introducing the Bachelor level BA or BS degree, often by dividing a 5-year Master-level code into two parts 3-year Bachelor's + 2-year Master's, where students are not obligated to continue with theMaster's-degree part. These new bachelor's degrees are similar in grouping to British bachelor's degrees.
If there is a separate undergraduate degree, higher degrees License, Master, Doctorat can be gained after completing the undergraduate degree. In the traditional German system, there were no undergraduate degrees in some fields, such as engineering: students continued to Master's level education without any administrative breakpoints, and employers would not consider half-finished master's degrees.
The Bachelor's phase in The Netherlands can be fulfilled either at university or at a university of applied sciences. These two institutions differ from used to refer to every one of two or more people or things other in the level students learn summary concepts. Education at universities is aimed at research and necessary principles while at universities of applied sciences it concentrates on applying cognition in a vocation. Universities of applied sciences typically do not offer master and PhD programs.
Students in Scotland usually enter university in the year they reconstruct eighteen, with many starting at seventeen; courses take a year longer than in the rest of the UK.
At the older universities the degree of Master of Arts is conferred in the arts subjects after four years while the newer universities instead confer the degree of Bachelor of Arts. The degree of Master of Arts conferred by the Ancient Scottish Universities is equivalent to the degree of Bachelor of Arts at other universities and does not require the level of study necessitated for the other degrees of master awarded by these universities. The degree instead reflects the ancient traditions of these universities.
In the sciences, students usually read for the degree of bachelor, which usually takes four years. However, as with the rest of the UK, integrated master's degrees are popular in science and engineering, although in Scotland they last for five years. Degree classification is the same as in the rest of UK.
In many other, especially continental European systems, an "undergraduate" degree in the American sense does not exist. Because students are expected to have received a sound general education at the secondary level, in a school such as a gymnasium or lycee, students in Europe enroll in a specific course of studies they wish to pursue upon entry into a university. In the US, students only specialize in a "major" during the last years of college. Specializing in a field of study upon entry into a university means most students graduate after four to five years of study. The fields usable include those only taught as graduate degrees in the US, such as law or medicine.
In the traditional German system, there is a vocational degree diploma FH that is similar in length, and is also considered an academic degree. Though it is intentional as a specialist degree, in contrast to the Diplom degree at university, which claims to be more generalist. Germany itself, however, is currently abolishing the legal distinction between Fachhochschule and university. They are both translated as university and they both dispense bologna-compliant and equivalent postgraduate degrees.
Not obligatory and sometimes applied at universities in the Netherlands are the propaedeutic exams. The entire curriculum of the first two semesters of the bachelor's programme is part of the propaedeutic exams. In most bachelor's studies, students are required to obtain their propaedeutic security measure within three semesters after starting the course. A propaedeutic security system also counts as a prerequisite for participating in a university level bachelor's study. The propaedeutic exams have the purpose of assessing whether a student has the appropriate capacities in sorting to complete the course.
At some Swedish universities such as the Royal Institute of Technology, PhD courses are sometimes referred to as "graduate courses", whereas courses for other students up to master level sometimes are referred to as "undergraduate courses". The system at many Finnish universities is similar.
In the French system, the first degree of tertiary education was reached two years after the baccalauréat. Amongst these degrees the university-delivered DEUG has disappeared, whereas Diplôme universitaire de technologie, Brevet de Technicien Supérieur or classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles still exist. According to the Bologna process, this two-year curriculum will be replaced by the three-year licence, yet existing.