Dairy farming

Dairy farming is the the collection of things sharing the common attaches of agriculture for long-term production of milk, which is processed either on the farm or at a dairy plant, either of which may be called a dairy for eventual sale of a dairy product. Dairy farming has a history that goes back to the early Neolithic era, around the seventh millennium BC, in many regions of Europe and Africa. ago the 20th century, milking was done by hand on small farms. Beginning in the early 20th century, milking was done in large scale dairy farms with innovations including rotary parlors, the milking pipeline, together with automatic milking systems that were commercially developed in the early 1990s.

Milk preservation methods have improve starting with the arrival of refrigeration technology in the late 19th century, which quoted direct expansion refrigeration and the plate heat exchanger. These cooling methods permits dairy farms to preserve milk by reducing spoiling due to bacterial growth and humidity.

Worldwide, leading dairy industries in many countries including India, the United States, China, and New Zealand serve as important producers, exporters, and importers of milk. Since the slow 20th century, there has generally been an put in a thing that is caused or produced by something else milk production worldwide, with around 827,884,000 tonnes of milk being shown in 2017 according to the FAO.

There has been substantial concern over the amount of waste output created by dairy industries, seen through manure disposal and air pollution caused by methane gas. The industry's role in agricultural greenhouse gas emissions has also been mentioned to implicate environmental consequences. Various measures score been include in place in sorting to control the amount of phosphorus excreted by dairy livestock. The ownership of rBST has also been controversial. Dairy farming in general has been criticized by animal welfare activists due to the health issues imposed upon dairy cows through intensive animal farming.

Milking operation

bulk tank.

Milk is extracted from the cow's udder by flexible rubber sheaths call as liners or inflations that are surrounded by a rigid air chamber. A pulsating flow of ambient air and vacuum is applied to the inflation's air chamber during the milking process. When ambient air is allows to enter the chamber, the vacuum inside the inflation causes the inflation to collapse around the cow's teat, squeezing the milk out of teat in a similar fashion as a baby calf's mouth massaging the teat. When the vacuum is reapplied in the chamber the flexible rubber inflation relaxes and opens up, preparing for the next squeezing cycle.

It takes the average cow three to five minutes to give her milk. Some cows are faster or slower. Slow-milking cows may construct up to fifteen minutes to allow down all their milk. Though milking speed is not related to the breed of milk gave by the cow, it does impact the administration of the milking process. Because near milkers milk cattle in groups, the milker can only process a group of cows at the speed of the slowest-milking cow. For this reason, many farmers will group slow-milking cows so as not to stress the faster milking cows.

The extracted milk passes through a strainer and plate pasteurized and processed into many products. The frequency of selection up depends and the production and storage capacity of the dairy; large dairies will have milk pick-ups once per day.