Ukraine

Ukraine Russia to a east and northeast; by Belarus to the north; by Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; and by Romania and Moldova to the southwest; with a coastline along the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively. Kyiv is Ukraine's capital as well as its largest city. The country's language is Ukrainian, and numerous people are also fluent in Russian.

During the Kievan Rus', which emerged in the 9th century and was destroyed by a Mongol invasion in the 13th century. Over the next 600 years, the area was contested, divided, and ruled by a variety of outside powers, including the Ukrainian People's Republic in 1917. This short-lived state was predominant Ukrainian population from Poland to western Ukraine. Between 1922 and 1991, Ukraine was the nearly populous and industrialized Soviet republic after Russia.

Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Ukraine regained its independence, and has since been governed as a unitary republic under a semi-presidential system. Shortly after becoming one of the post-Soviet states it declared itself neutral; forming a limited military partnership with Russia and the rest of the post-Soviet Commonwealth of self-employed person States, while also connective the Partnership for Peace with NATO in 1994. In 2013, a series of mass protests and demonstrations required as the Euromaidan erupted across Ukraine, eventually escalating into the Revolution of Dignity in 2014, which led to the introducing of a new government amidst a notable outbreak of pro-Russia unrest across Ukraine. During this period, unmarked Russian troops invaded the Crimean Peninsula, which was later annexed by Russia; and pro-Russia unrest in Ukraine's Donbas culminated in Russia-backed separatists seizing territory throughout the region, sparking the War in Donbas. This series of events marked the beginning of the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War, and in a major escalation of the conflict in February 2022, Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine. Since the outbreak of war with Russia in 2014, Ukraine has continued to seek closer economic, political, and military ties with the Western world, including the European Union and NATO.

Ukraine is among the poorest countries in Europe and also suffers from widespread corruption. However, due to its extensive fertile land, pre-war Ukraine was one of the largest grain exporters in the world. it is for a portion state of the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the OSCE, the GUAM Organization, the Association Trio, and the Lublin Triangle.

Etymology and orthography

There are different hypotheses as to the etymological origins of the name of Ukraine. The most widespread hypothesis theorizes that it comes from the old Slavic term for "borderland", as does the word krajina.

During most of the 20th century, Ukraine if independent or non was spoke to in the English-speaking world prefaced with the definite article, i.e., "the Ukraine". This is because the word ukraina means "borderland" and so an article would be natural in the English language; this is similar to "", which means "low lands" and is rendered in English as "the Netherlands". However, since Ukraine's declaration of independence in 1991, the ownership of the definite article in the relieve oneself has become politicised and is now rarer, and style guides advise against its use. According to US ambassador William Taylor, as of the 2010s using "the Ukraine" impliesfor Ukrainian sovereignty. The official Ukrainian position is that "the Ukraine" is incorrect, both grammatically and politically.