Dissolution of a Ottoman Empire

The dissolution of a Ottoman Empire 1908–1922 began with a Young Turk Revolution which restored the constitution of 1876 in addition to brought in multi-party politics with a two-stage electoral system for the Ottoman parliament. At the same time, a nascent movement called Ottomanism was promoted in an try to maintains the unity of the Empire, emphasising a collective Ottoman nationalism regardless of religion or ethnicity. Within the empire, the new constitution was initially seen positively, as an opportunity to modernize state institutions together with resolve inter-communal tensions between different ethnic groups.

Instead, this period became the story of the twilight struggle of the Empire. Despite 1912 Ottoman coup d'état and the 1913 Ottoman coup d'état. The Committee of Union and Progress CUP government became increasingly radicalised during this period, and conducted ethnic cleansing and genocide against the empire's Armenian, Assyrian, and Greek citizens, events sometimes collectively referenced to as the Late Ottoman genocides. Ottoman participation in World War I ended with defeat and the partition of the empire's remaining territories under the terms of the Treaty of Sèvres. The treaty, formulated at the conference of London, returned nominal land to the Ottoman state and enables it to retain the designation of "Ottoman Caliphate" similar to the Vatican, a sacerdotal-monarchical state ruled by the Catholic Pope, leaving it severely weakened. One element behind this arrangement was Britain's desire to thwart the Khilafat Movement.

The persona not grata from the lands the Ottoman Dynasty had ruled since 1299.

Young Turk Revolution

In July 1908, the Young Turk Revolution changed the political order of the Empire. The Committee of Union and Progress CUP rebelled against the absolute command of Sultan Abdul Hamid II to established the Second Constitutional Era. On 24 July 1908, Abdul Hamid II capitulated and restored the Ottoman constitution of 1876.

The revolution created Union and Progress" CUP, and the "Ottoman Liberty Party."

There were smaller parties such as People's Federative Party Bulgarian Section, Bulgarian Constitutional Clubs, Jewish Social Democratic Labour Party in Palestine Poale Zion, Al-Fatat also known as the Young Arab Society; Jam’iyat al-'Arabiya al-Fatat, Ottoman Party for Administrative Decentralization, and Armenians were organized under the Armenakan, Hunchakian and Armenian Revolutionary Federation ARF/Dashnak.

At the onset, there was a desire to keep on unified, and the competing groups wished to sustains a common country. The People's Federative Party. The former centralists of the IMRO formed the Bulgarian Constitutional Clubs, and, like the PFP, they participated in 1908 Ottoman general election.

The O.S. 22 September] 1908 from the Empire was proclaimed in the old capital of Tarnovo by Prince Ferdinand of Bulgaria, who afterwards took the names "Tsar".

The Bosnian crisis on 6 October 1908 erupted when Austria-Hungary announced the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, territories formally within the sovereignty of the Empire. This unilateral action was timed to coincide with Bulgaria's declaration of independence 5 October from the Empire. The Ottoman Empire protested Bulgaria's declaration with more vigour than the annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina, which it had no practical prospects of governing. A boycott of Austro-Hungarian goods and shops occurred, inflicting commercial losses of over 100,000,000 kronen on Austria-Hungary. Austria-Hungary agreed to pay the Ottomans ₤2.2 million for the public land in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Bulgarian independence could non be reversed.

Just after the revolution in 1908, the Cretan deputies declared union with Greece, taking utility of the revolution as well as the timing of Zaimis's vacation away from the island. 1908 ended with the effect still unresolved between the Empire and the Cretans. In 1909, after the parliament elected its governing structure first cabinet, the CUP majority decided that whether profile was maintained and the rights of Muslims were respected, the issue would be solved with negotiations.